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FRFC > CHAPTER 13 - VENTILATION > Flashcards

CHAPTER 13 - VENTILATION Flashcards

1
Q

Fans that are used to push fresh air into a structure. They may be powered by electricity, gasoline engines, or hydraulically.

A

Blowers

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2
Q

Electrically powered fans that have intrinsically safe motors that are placed in the smoke filled atmosphere to push the smoke out

A

Smoke ejectors

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3
Q

Any technique by which heat, smoke, and other products of combustion are channeled horizontally out of a structure by way of existing or created horizontal openings such as windows, doors, or other openings in walls

A

Horizontal ventilation

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4
Q

Ventilating at a point above the fire through existing or created openings and channeling the contaminated atmosphere vertically with in the structure and out of the top

A

Vertical ventilation

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5
Q

Techniques that use the wind, convection currents, and other natural phenomena to ventilate a structure without the use of fans, blowers, and smoke ejectors

A

Natural ventilation

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6
Q

Any means other than natural ventilation. May involve the use of blowers and smoke ejectors

A

Mechanical ventilation

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7
Q

Ventilation accomplished by using a spray stream to draw the smoke from a compartment. Through an exterior opening.

A

Hydraulic ventilation

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8
Q

Protected side; the direction opposite from which the wind is blowing

A

Leeward side

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9
Q

The side or direction from which the wind is blowing

A

Windward side

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10
Q

Intended and controlled exhaust locations that are created or improved at or near the fire to allow products of combustion to escape the building

A

Exhaust opeinging

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11
Q

Technique using smoke ejectors to develop artificial air flow and to pull smoke out of a structure

A

Negative pressure ventilation

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12
Q

movement of smoke being blown out of a ventilation opening only to be drawn back inside by the negative pressure created by the ejecter

A

Recirculation

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13
Q

Method of ventilating a room or structure by mechanically blowing fresh air through an inlet opening into the space in sufficient volume to create a slight positive pressure within and thereby forcing the contaminated atmosphere out of the exit opening

A

Positive pressure ventilation

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14
Q

A single cut the width of the saw blade made in a roof to check for fire extension

A

Kerf cut

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15
Q

Rectangular exhaust opening cut in the roof, allowing a section of roof deck to be tilted, thus creating an opening similar to a louver

A

Louver cut or vent

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16
Q

Defensive tactic that involves cutting an exhaust opening in the roof of a burning building, extending from one outside wall to the other

A

Trench ventilation

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17
Q

Phenomenon of a strong air draft moving from ground level to the roof of a building

A

Stack effact

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18
Q

Tendency of heat, smoke, and other products of combustion to rise until they encounter a horizontal obstruction.

A

Horizontal smoke spread

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19
Q

Tactical ventilation is the coordinated removal of heated air, smoke, and gases from a structure. True or false

A

True

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20
Q

Performing tactical ventilation properly increases the potential for extreme fire behavior. True or false?

A

False – improper ventilation increases the potential

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21
Q

Life safety is the highest incident priority at incidences where tactical ventilation is used. True or false?

A

True

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22
Q

Tactical ventilation improves life safety for firefighters by creating smoke free paths of egress. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

Tactical ventilation can be combined with fire attack to stabilize an incident. True or false?

A

True

24
Q

Smaller lot size reducers firefighter access and increases potential exposure risks. True or false?

A

True

25
Q

Fire attack cruise with charge hose lines must be in place before orders are given to ventilate the structure. True or false?

A

True

26
Q

Atmospheric pressure is the most important weather condition influence when ventilating structure. True or false?

A

False – wind is the most important

27
Q

Positive pressure ventilation is the oldest type of mechanical ventilation. True or false?

A

False – negative pressure ventilation

28
Q

The flow of smoke and other gases to the exhaust opening should be kept as straight as possible. True or false?

A

True

29
Q

The trench cut is used to create a firebreak to stop fire spread in common attic areas. True or false?

A

True

30
Q

Fire, smoke, and toxic gases can’t spread rapidly through pipe shafts, stairways, elevator shafts, unprotected ducks, and other vertical and horizontal openings in a big box store fire. True false?

A

False – in high-rises

31
Q

Firefighters protect both occupants and personnel working at an incident scene. The highest priority is____

A

Life safety

32
Q

During tactical ventilation firefighters work to control and extinguish the fire in stages. By combining tactical ventilation with fire attack, firefighters reach the incident priority of___.

A

Incident stabilization

33
Q

Properly applied, tactical ventilation can reduce fire damage in the structure. Tactical ventilation can come find fire to a specific area. Both of these are examples of the incident priority___.

A

Property conservation

34
Q

When the pressure is higher inside a building, smoke can be forced through openings to the lower pressure area outside. The technique of using high-volume fans to create the slightly higher pressure inside the structure than outside is___.

A

Positive pressure ventilation

35
Q

Firefighters choose ventilation methods based on many factors when your incident commander gives orders for ventilation by making and opening over the seat of the fire at or near the highest point of the roof, he or she is ordering you to perform____.

A

Offensive ventilation methods

36
Q

An incident commander may determine a fire is too great to extinguish and will make the call to abandon efforts to save the building. Only after offensive vertical ventilation openings have been made, the incident commander may give you orders to perform___to allow heat and smoke to escape.

A

Defensive ventilation methods

37
Q

If visible, this indicator provides an indication of the size and location of the fire

A

Flame

38
Q

Blistering paint, bubbling roof tar, and crazed glass are visual indicators of this fire behavior.

A

Heat

39
Q

Volume and location of discharge, color, density, pressure and movement of this indicator can help firefighters obtain a clear picture of the interior fire conditions

A

Smoke

40
Q

Indicators of this fire behavior indicator include velocity, turbulence, direction, and movement of the natural plane.

A

Airflow

41
Q

Using smoke injectors to expel smoke from the structure by developing an artificial airflow or enhancing natural ventilation.

A

Negative pressure ventilation

42
Q

Used to clear the room or structure of smoke, heat, steam, or gases after the fire is controlled using the spray from a fog nozzle

A

Hydraulic ventilation

43
Q

Using a high-volume fan to create a slightly higher pressure inside the structure than outside is done by using this type or method of ventilation

A

Positive pressure ventilation

44
Q

Used when the natural flow the air currents and currents created by the fire are insufficient to remove the smoke, heat, and fire gases

A

Mechanical horizontal ventilation

45
Q

Using only a single opening where the event will serve as both the inlet for air and exit for the smoke

A

Natural horizontal ventilation

46
Q

Used when the decision is made to abandon efforts to save the currently burning part of the building

A

Defensive ventilation

47
Q

Used to stop the spread of fire and contain it in one area of the structure

A

Offensive ventilation

48
Q

Used as an aid in reaching and extinguishing a fire

A

Vertical ventilation

49
Q

What internal exposure must be considered when initiating tactical ventilation operations

A

Building occupants

50
Q

Identifying buildings that have roofs supported by lightweight or engineered trusses can be done by:

A

Using preincident planning information

51
Q

Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems in windowless buildings, unless specifically designed to clear the area of smoke, are more likely to:

A

Cause the spread of heat and fire

52
Q

Openings such as pipe shafts, stairways, elevator shafts, or unprotected ducks in a high-rise building fire contribute to what effect?

A

Stack

53
Q

The number of personnel required for high-rise structure fires are often how much greater than typical lowrise structure incidents

A

4 to 6 times

54
Q

Tactical ventilation usually must be accomplished using what type of tactical ventilation in a high-rise structure fire?

A

Mechanical

55
Q

What is a method of compartmentalizing a structure?

A

Automatic closure of doors and windows

56
Q

The movement of air toward burning fuel and the movement of smoke out of the compartment or structure.

A

Air flow

FRFC (6 decks)

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