Chapter 13 - The Urban Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

urbanization

A

a populations shift from rural living to city and suburban living

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2
Q

sprawl

A

the unrestrained spread of urban or suburban development outward from a city center and across the landscape. Often specified as growth in which the area of development outpaces population growth

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3
Q

city planning

A

the professional pursuit that attempts to design cities in such a way as to maximize their efficiency, functionality, and beauty. also known as urban planning

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4
Q

regional planning

A

planning similar to city planning but conducted across broader geographic scales, generally involving multiple municipal governments

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5
Q

zoning

A

the practice of classifying areas for different types of development and land use

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6
Q

smart growth

A

a city planning concept in which a community’s growth is managed in ways intended to limit sprawl and maintain or improve residents quality of life

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7
Q

new urbanization

A

an approach among architects, planners, and developers that seek to design neighborhoods in which homes, businesses, schools, and other amenities are within walking distance of one another. proponents of new urbanism aim to combat sprawl by creating functional neighborhoods in which families can meet most of their needs close to home without the use of a car

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8
Q

transit oriented development

A

a development approach in which compact communities in the new urbanism style are arrayed around stops on a major rail transit line

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9
Q

mass transit

A

a public transportation system for a metropolitan area that moves large numbers of people at once. Buses, trains, subways, streetcars, trolleys, and light rail are types of mass transit

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10
Q

greenway

A

a strip of park land that connects parks or neighborhoods; often located along rivers, streams, or canals.

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11
Q

greenbelt

A

a long and wide corridor of parkland, often encircling an entire urban area

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12
Q

green building

A

(1) a structure that minimizes the ecological foot print of its construction and operation by using sustainable materials, using minimal energy and water, reducing health impacts, limiting population and recycling waste. (2) the pursuit of constructing or renovating such buildings

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13
Q

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

A

the leading set of standards for sustainable building

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14
Q

noise pollution

A

undesired ambient sound

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15
Q

urban heat island effect

A

the phenomenon whereby a city becomes warmer that outlying areas because of the concentration of heat-generating buildings, vehicles, and people, and because buildings and dark pavement that absorb heat and release it during the night

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16
Q

urban ecology

A

a scientific field of study that views cities explicitly as ecosystems. Researchers in this field apply the fundamentals of ecosystem ecology and system science to urban areas