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Biology- Human Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 13- The Special Sense > Flashcards

Chapter 13- The Special Sense Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

General Senses- stimuli detected

A

Touch, Pain and Temperature

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2
Q

Special Sense- stimuli detected

A

Taste, Light, Sound, Head movement and smell

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3
Q

What is the structure of sensory receptors in General Senses?

A

Receptive receptor cells

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4
Q

The General Senses location of sensory nerves?

A

Axon of spinal or cranial nerves

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5
Q

When you bend your​ head, gravity pulls on the otolithic​ membrane, bending the stereocilia either toward or away from the kinocilium.

A

True

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6
Q

What separates the outer ear from the middle​ ear?

A

tympanic membrane

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7
Q

Like all other sensory​ pathways, the nerve impulses associated with olfaction are routed through the thalamus on the way to the primary olfactory cortex.

A

false

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8
Q

The three layers of the​ eyeball, from outer to​ inner, are:

A

fibrous, vascular, and neural layers.

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9
Q

Which auditory ossicle is connected to the tympanic​ membrane?

A

malleus

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10
Q

The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as​ the:

A

cornea.

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11
Q

The otolithic membrane plays a role in the detection​ of:

A

linear acceleration and head tilting.

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12
Q

What gland secretes oil to prevent the eyelids from sticking​ together?

A

tarsal gland

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13
Q

What secretes the aqueous​ humor?

A

ciliary body

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14
Q

The optic disc is known as the blind spot​ because:

A

photoreceptors are absent from the optic disc.

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15
Q

The loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of​ the:

A

basilar membrane.

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16
Q

Which part of the inner ear houses two portions of the membranous labyrinth known as the utricle and​ saccule?

A

vestibule

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17
Q

Rods are concentrated in the fovea centralis while cones are absent from this region of the retina.

A

false

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18
Q

dentify the cranial nerves NOT involved in carrying taste information from the tongue into the CNS.

A

hypoglossal nerves​ (CN XII)

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19
Q

The five major taste sensations are​ sweet, salty,​ bitter, sour, and umami.

A

True

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20
Q

The retina is the only portion of the eye to contain photoreceptor cells.

A

True

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21
Q

Damage to the facial nerve would result in a loss of taste sensation​ from

A

anterior​ two-thirds of the tongue.

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22
Q

Area of retina specialized for detailed vision

A

Fovea Centralis

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23
Q

Portion of the retina that contains no photoreceptors

A

Optic disc

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24
Q

Damage to the hair cells of the spiral organ​ (organ of​ Corti) can result in a loss​ of:

A

hearing.

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25
Q

Taste is detected when chemicals bind receptors on the microvilli​ of:

A

gustatory cells.

26
Q

Aiden was surprised to learn that his salad dressing contained glucose since it did NOT​ taste:

A

sweet

27
Q

The function of the pharyngotympanic​ (auditory) tube is to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.

A

True

28
Q

Olfaction is the sense​ of:

A

smell​

29
Q

What gelatinous mass helps maintain the shape of the​ eyeball?

A

vitreous humor

30
Q

Where does each half of the visual field get segregated so that it reaches the opposite hemisphere of the​ brain?

A

optic chiasma

31
Q

A person who has a cochlear implant needs this device​ for

A

hearing.

32
Q

What description best matches the function of stereocilia​?

A

Bending of the stereocilia produces depolarization or hyperpolarization in hair cells.

33
Q

When a photoreceptor cell is stimulated by​ light:

A

the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes as sodium ion channels close.

34
Q

What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering through the​ pupil?

A

iris

35
Q

What nerves carry information about the special senses to the​ CNS?

A

cranial nerves only

36
Q

Twenty-year-old Leslie learned she is hyperopic after having her eyes examined. What best describes her eye​ condition?

A

Her eyeballs are too short.

37
Q

The three types of cones are​ designated:

A

red, green, and blue.

38
Q

In the dark​ (absence of a​ stimulus), the photoreceptors​ are:

A

depolarized.

38
Q

What region of the retina contains a high density of photoreceptor cells and allows for extremely detailed​ vision?

A

fovea centralis

39
Q

The eye contains two cavities situated within the anterior chamber.

A

false

40
Q

All taste sensations begin with the entry of hydrogen ions into a gustatory cell.

A

false

41
Q

Which of the following papillae found on the surface of the tongue contains no taste​ buds, but does contain sensory nerve endings to detect the temperature and texture of​ food?

A

filiform papillae

42
Q

The ability of the lens to change its shape from flattened to round is known​ as:

A

accommodation.

43
Q

What taste sensation results when sodium ions enter gustatory cells through sodium ion channel​ receptors, and the cell​ depolarizes?

A

salty

44
Q

Six extrinsic eye​ muscles, including four rectus muscles and two oblique​ muscles, control the movement of each eye.

A

True

45
Q

What type of photoreceptor cell perceives​ color?

A

Cone

46
Q

Which of the following parts of the eye refract light to focus it on the​ retina?

A

cornea and lens

47
Q

The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by​ the:

A

auditory ossicles.

48
Q

Place the following steps of nerve impulses in the olfaction pathway in order.
1. primary olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe
2. olfactory nerve
3. olfactory neurons
4. olfactory bulb

A

​3, 2,​ 4, 1

49
Q

The conjunctiva is the translucent part of the fibrous layer of the eye.

A

false

50
Q

What cranial nerve carries information about hearing and head movement to the​ brain?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve​ (CN VIII)

51
Q

What creates the boundary between the​ air-filled middle ear and the​ fluid-filled inner​ ear?

A

oval window

52
Q

Where is the primary gustatory cortex​ located?

A

parietal lobe

53
Q

When sound waves bend​ stereocilia, what​ happens?

A

Hair cells​ depolarize, releasing​ neurotransmitter, and triggering an action potential.

54
Q

Where are the general senses​ located?

A

skin

54
Q

What is the function of the​ lens?

A

The lens focuses light on the retina.

55
Q

Determine the correct order of events that occur when light strikes photoreceptor cells.
1. The bipolar cell depolarizes.
2. Action potentials are sent to the brain via the optic nerve​ (CN II).
3. Light hyperpolarizes the photoreceptor.
4. Retinal ganglion cell produces action potentials.

A

3, 1,​ 4, 2

56
Q

The sense of equilibrium does NOT depend on input​ from:

A

the cochlea.

57
Q

Damage to the basal cells in the olfactory epithelium results in a loss​ of:

A

smell.

58
Q

What part of the inner ear is involved in​ hearing?

A

cochlea

Biology- Human Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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