Chapter 13- The Special Sense Flashcards
General Senses- stimuli detected
Touch, Pain and Temperature
Special Sense- stimuli detected
Taste, Light, Sound, Head movement and smell
What is the structure of sensory receptors in General Senses?
Receptive receptor cells
The General Senses location of sensory nerves?
Axon of spinal or cranial nerves
When you bend your head, gravity pulls on the otolithic membrane, bending the stereocilia either toward or away from the kinocilium.
True
What separates the outer ear from the middle ear?
tympanic membrane
Like all other sensory pathways, the nerve impulses associated with olfaction are routed through the thalamus on the way to the primary olfactory cortex.
false
The three layers of the eyeball, from outer to inner, are:
fibrous, vascular, and neural layers.
Which auditory ossicle is connected to the tympanic membrane?
malleus
The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as the:
cornea.
The otolithic membrane plays a role in the detection of:
linear acceleration and head tilting.
What gland secretes oil to prevent the eyelids from sticking together?
tarsal gland
What secretes the aqueous humor?
ciliary body
The optic disc is known as the blind spot because:
photoreceptors are absent from the optic disc.
The loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of the:
basilar membrane.
Which part of the inner ear houses two portions of the membranous labyrinth known as the utricle and saccule?
vestibule
Rods are concentrated in the fovea centralis while cones are absent from this region of the retina.
false
dentify the cranial nerves NOT involved in carrying taste information from the tongue into the CNS.
hypoglossal nerves (CN XII)
The five major taste sensations are sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami.
True
The retina is the only portion of the eye to contain photoreceptor cells.
True
Damage to the facial nerve would result in a loss of taste sensation from
anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Area of retina specialized for detailed vision
Fovea Centralis
Portion of the retina that contains no photoreceptors
Optic disc
Damage to the hair cells of the spiral organ (organ of Corti) can result in a loss of:
hearing.
Taste is detected when chemicals bind receptors on the microvilli of:
gustatory cells.
Aiden was surprised to learn that his salad dressing contained glucose since it did NOT taste:
sweet
The function of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube is to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
True
Olfaction is the sense of:
smell
What gelatinous mass helps maintain the shape of the eyeball?
vitreous humor
Where does each half of the visual field get segregated so that it reaches the opposite hemisphere of the brain?
optic chiasma
A person who has a cochlear implant needs this device for
hearing.
What description best matches the function of stereocilia?
Bending of the stereocilia produces depolarization or hyperpolarization in hair cells.
When a photoreceptor cell is stimulated by light:
the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes as sodium ion channels close.
What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering through the pupil?
iris
What nerves carry information about the special senses to the CNS?
cranial nerves only
Twenty-year-old Leslie learned she is hyperopic after having her eyes examined. What best describes her eye condition?
Her eyeballs are too short.
The three types of cones are designated:
red, green, and blue.
In the dark (absence of a stimulus), the photoreceptors are:
depolarized.
What region of the retina contains a high density of photoreceptor cells and allows for extremely detailed vision?
fovea centralis
The eye contains two cavities situated within the anterior chamber.
false
All taste sensations begin with the entry of hydrogen ions into a gustatory cell.
false
Which of the following papillae found on the surface of the tongue contains no taste buds, but does contain sensory nerve endings to detect the temperature and texture of food?
filiform papillae
The ability of the lens to change its shape from flattened to round is known as:
accommodation.
What taste sensation results when sodium ions enter gustatory cells through sodium ion channel receptors, and the cell depolarizes?
salty
Six extrinsic eye muscles, including four rectus muscles and two oblique muscles, control the movement of each eye.
True
What type of photoreceptor cell perceives color?
Cone
Which of the following parts of the eye refract light to focus it on the retina?
cornea and lens
The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the:
auditory ossicles.
Place the following steps of nerve impulses in the olfaction pathway in order.
1. primary olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe
2. olfactory nerve
3. olfactory neurons
4. olfactory bulb
3, 2, 4, 1
The conjunctiva is the translucent part of the fibrous layer of the eye.
false
What cranial nerve carries information about hearing and head movement to the brain?
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
What creates the boundary between the air-filled middle ear and the fluid-filled inner ear?
oval window
Where is the primary gustatory cortex located?
parietal lobe
When sound waves bend stereocilia, what happens?
Hair cells depolarize, releasing neurotransmitter, and triggering an action potential.
Where are the general senses located?
skin
What is the function of the lens?
The lens focuses light on the retina.
Determine the correct order of events that occur when light strikes photoreceptor cells.
1. The bipolar cell depolarizes.
2. Action potentials are sent to the brain via the optic nerve (CN II).
3. Light hyperpolarizes the photoreceptor.
4. Retinal ganglion cell produces action potentials.
3, 1, 4, 2
The sense of equilibrium does NOT depend on input from:
the cochlea.
Damage to the basal cells in the olfactory epithelium results in a loss of:
smell.
What part of the inner ear is involved in hearing?
cochlea
