Chapter 13: THe Endocrine System

Question 1

acromegaly

Answer 1

a chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face and jaw and extremities due to over secretion of the pituitary gland after puberty

Question 2

adenohypophysis

Answer 2

the anterior pituitary gland

Question 3

adenoma

Answer 3

a glandular tumor

Question 4

adenopathy

Answer 4

any disease of a gland- enlargement

Question 5

adrenalectomy

Answer 5

surgical removal of an adrenal gland

Question 6

adrenocortical

Answer 6

pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

Question 7

aldosterone

Answer 7

a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium

Question 8

androgen

Answer 8

any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics

Question 9

antidiuretic

Answer 9

suppression of urine production

Question 10

cortex

Answer 10

pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure

Question 11

cortisol

Answer 11

a steroid occurring naturally in the body; also called hydrocortisone

Question 12

cretinism

Answer 12

a congenital condition caused by lack of thyroid secretion. characterized by dwarfism

Question 13

diabetes, gestational

Answer 13

during pregnancy

Question 14

diabetes, inisipidus

Answer 14

a metabolic disorder (extreme thirst, and urination; disorder of the pituitary due to a defeincy in the anridiurectic hormone

Question 15

diabetes, mellitus

Answer 15

disorder of the pancreas in which it fails to produce an adequate amount of insulin to metabolize carbs, fats and proteins properly

Question 16

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 16

diabetic coma

Question 17

endocrine gland

Answer 17

a ductless gland that produces a hormone which is secreted directly into the blood stream

Question 18

epinephrine

Answer 18

a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. fight or flight

Question 19

euthyroid

Answer 19

pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid

Question 20

exocrine gland

Answer 20

a sweat or oil gland

Question 21

exopthalmia

Answer 21

an abnormal condition of outward protrusion of the eyeballs

Question 22

gigantism

Answer 22

over secretion of the pituitary gland resulting in excessive size and height

Question 23

glucagon

Answer 23

a hormone secreted by the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose

Question 24

glucogenesis

Answer 24

the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage int the liver for later use

Question 25

glycosuria

Answer 25

the presence of sugar in urine

Question 26

goiter

Answer 26

enlargement of thyroid due to excessive growth

Question 27

gonads

Answer 27

sex glands (ovaries or testes)

Question 28

grave's disease

Answer 28

hypertension

Question 29

hirisutism

Answer 29

a condition in which there is excessive body hair in male distrubution

Question 30

hypercalcemia

Answer 30

elevated blood sugar level

Question 31

hyperglycemia

Answer 31

elevated blood sugar

Question 32

hypergonadism

Answer 32

excessive activity of the ovaries or testes

Question 33

hyperinsulinism

Answer 33

an excessive amount of insulin in the body

Question 34

hyperkalmia

Answer 34

elevated potassium level

Question 35

hypernatremia

Answer 35

elevated sodium level

Question 36

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 36

over secretion of parathyroid hormone

Question 37

hyperpituiturism

Answer 37

over activity of the anterior lobe of the pituitory

Question 38

hyperthyroidism

Answer 38

overactivity of the thyroid gland

Question 39

hypocalmia

Answer 39

less than normal calcium level

Question 40

hypoglycemia

Answer 40

less than normal blood sugar

Question 41

hypokalemia

Answer 41

less than normal potasium

Question 42

hyponatremia

Answer 42

less than normal sodium

Question 43

hypophysectomy

Answer 43

surgical removal of the pituitary

Question 44

hypothyroidism

Answer 44

under active thyroid gland

Question 45

insulin shock

Answer 45

a state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar caused by an overdose of insulin

Question 46

medulla

Answer 46

the internal part of a structure or organ

Question 47

metabolism

Answer 47

the sum of all physical and chemical processes within the body

Question 48

myxedema

Answer 48

the most severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult.

Question 49

norepinephrine

Answer 49

a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla.

Question 50

oxytocin

Answer 50

hormone that regulates contractions

Question 51

polydipsia

Answer 51

excessive thirst

Question 52

polyphagia

Answer 52

excessive over eating

Question 53

polyuria

Answer 53

excretion of excessive amounts of urine

Question 54

progesterone

Answer 54

female hormone

Question 55

somatotropic hormone

Answer 55

growth hormone

Question 56

T cells

Answer 56

lymphocyte involved in immune system

Question 57

tetany

Answer 57

severe cramping and twitching of the muscles - a complication of hypocalcemia

Question 58

thymopoitin

Answer 58

hormone secreted by thymus thought to stimulate t cells

Question 59

thymosin

Answer 59

hormone secreted by the thymus stimulates lymphocytes

Question 60

thyroidism

Answer 60

inflammation of the thyroid

Question 61

throxine

Answer 61

a hormone secreted by thyroid - helps maintain metabolism

Question 62

triidothyronine

Answer 62

helps control temperature and metabolism- from thyroid

Question 63

addison's disease

Answer 63

failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralcorticoids and glucocorticords

Question 64

conn's disease

Answer 64

excessive amounts of adolsterone which causes body to retain excess sodium and potassium

Question 65

cushing's syndrome

Answer 65

an excess amount of cortisol

Question 66

pheochromocytoma

Answer 66

a vascular tumor of the adrenal medulla that produces extra epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 67

virilism

Answer 67

male sex characteristics in female due to the excessive secretion of adrencortical androgens from the adrenal cortex

Question 68

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 68

a disorder of the blood vessels of the retina of the eye