Chapter 13 Solutions Flashcards
Define Solution
A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances
Define Solvent
The MAJOR component in a solution
Define Solute
The MINOR component in a solution
T/F In a solution, the molecules that are more present in the solution is the solvent
True
Define Solution Equilibrium
The dissolution of a solute in a solvent is an equilibrium process
Define Saturated Solutions
Dissolved solute is in dynamic equilibrium with the excess undissolved solute
T/F In saturated solutions, additional solutes will continue to dissolve
False ; will not
Where on a graph are saturated solutions located?
On the line
Define Unsaturated Solutions
Solution containing less than the equilibrium amount of solute
Where on a graph are unsaturated solutions located?
Below the curve
Define Supersaturated Solutions
Solution containing more than the equilibrium amount of solute
T/F Supersaturated solutions are unstable
True
Where on a graph are supersaturated solutions located?
Above the curve
T/F The solubility of most solids in water increases with increasing temperature
True
T/F The solubility of gas in water increases with increasing temperature
False ; decreases
The solubility of a gas depends on _____________
Pressure
T/F The larger the partial pressure of a gas in contact with a liquid, the more stable the gas is in the liquid
True
Define Henry’s Law
States that the solubility of gas (S gas) is directly proportional to its partial pressure (P gas)
Define Solubility
The amount of the substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent
T/F For solids when temperature increases, solubility increases
True
T/F For gas when temperature increases solubility increases
False ; decreases
T/F For gas when pressure increases solubility increases
True
Define Concentration
The amount of solute in a given amount of solution/solvent
Is Molarity or Molality dependent on temperature?
Molarity
T/F Molarity depends on volume
True
What is the equation for Molarity?
Molarity (M) = amount of solute (mol) / volume solution (L)
What is the equation for Molality?
Molality (m) = amount of solute (mol) / mass solvent (kg)
What is the equation for Mole Fraction?
Mole Fraction (x solute) = amount of solute (mol) / solute + solvent (mol)
What is the equation for Percent by Mass?
Percent by Mass = mass of solute / mass of solution X 100%
Define Colligative Properties
Properties that depend on the amounts of particles dissolved in solution, not on the type of particle
The number of ________ ____________ determines its vapor pressure
Gaseous particles
More solute results in increased or decreased vapor pressure
Decreased
What is the equation for Raoult’s Law?
Psolution = x solvent X P solvent
How do you find x solvent in Raoult’s Law?
Use mol fraction
What is the equation for Boiling Point Elevation?
DeltaTb = m X Kb
Define Boiling Point Elevation
The effect of a solute that causes a solution to have a higher boiling point than the pure solvent alone
Define Freezing Point Depression
The effect of a solute that causes a solution to have a lower freezing point than the pure solvent alone
What is the equation for Freezing Point Depression?
DeltaTf = m X Kf
Define Osmosis
The flow of solvent from a solution of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration
Define Osmotic Pressure
The pressure required to prevent the net movement of solvent across a semipermeable membrane
What is the equation for Osmotic Pressure?
Pi = MRT
Define Electrolyte
Substance that dissociates into ions to conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Define Non-Electrolyte
A compound that DOES NOT dissociated into ions when dissolved in water
What i value will non-electrolytes always have?
i = 1
Define Van’t Hoff Factor
(i) the ratio of moles of particles in solution to moles of formula units dissolved
Does boiling point decrease or increases when more solute is added?
Increases
T/F The presence of a solute could hinder a particle from entering another phase
True
What are the 4 colligative properties?
- Vapor pressure
- Freezing point depression
- Boiling point elevation
- Osmotic pressure
What is the equation for Henry’s Law?
S(gas) = Kh X P(gas)