chapter 13- Psychological Disorders

Question 1

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer 1

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 2

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

Answer 2

psychological disorder

Question 3

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Answer 3

medical model

Question 4

the American psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Answer 4

DSM-5

Question 5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Answer 5

anxiety disorders

Question 6

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, fearful, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Answer 6

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 7

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations, followed by worry about a possible next attack

Answer 7

panic disorder

Question 8

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

Answer 8

phobia

Question 9

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

Answer 9

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Question 10

a disorder characterized by haunting memories nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feelings, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Answer 10

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 11

continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

Answer 11

substance use disorder

Question 12

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

Answer 12

psychoactive drug

Question 13

with repeated use, the desired effect requires larger doses

Answer 13

tolerance

Question 14

compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known harmful consequences

Answer 14

addiction

Question 15

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

Answer 15

withdrawal

Question 16

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce (depress) neural activity and slow body functions

Answer 16

depressants

Question 17

(popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

Answer 17

alcohol use disorder

Question 18

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

Answer 18

barbiturates

Question 19

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Answer 19

opiates

Question 20

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamines) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Answer 20

stimulants

Question 21

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Answer 21

amphetamines

Question 22

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

Answer 22

nicotine

Question 23

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system with speed-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Answer 23

methamphetamine

Question 24

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Answer 24

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 25

psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Answer 25

Hallucinogens

Question 26

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

Answer 26

LSD

Question 27

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Answer 27

near-death experience

Question 28

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

Answer 28

THC

Question 29

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

Answer 29

mood disorder

Question 30

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest of pleasure

Answer 30

major depressive disorder

Question 31

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (formerly called manic- depressive disorder.)

Answer 31

bipolar disorder

Question 32

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Answer 32

mania

Question 33

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished inappropriate emotional expression

Answer 33

schizophrenia

Question 34

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany schizophrenia and other disorders

Answer 34

delusions

Question 35

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

Answer 35

anorexia nervosa

Question 36

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), fasting, or excessive exercise

Answer 36

bulimia nervosa

Question 37

significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

Answer 37

binge-eating disorder

Question 38

a disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings

Answer 38

dissociative disorder

Question 39

a controversial, rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. formally called multiple personality disorder

Answer 39

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Question 40

an inflexible and enduring behavior pattern that impairs social functioning

Answer 40

personality disorder

Question 41

a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Answer 41

antisocial personality disorder