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final > chapter 13- Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

chapter 13- Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

A

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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2
Q

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

A

psychological disorder

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3
Q

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

A

medical model

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4
Q

the American psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

A

DSM-5

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5
Q

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

A

anxiety disorders

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6
Q

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, fearful, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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7
Q

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations, followed by worry about a possible next attack

A

panic disorder

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8
Q

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

A

phobia

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9
Q

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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10
Q

a disorder characterized by haunting memories nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feelings, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

A

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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11
Q

continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

A

substance use disorder

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12
Q

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

A

psychoactive drug

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13
Q

with repeated use, the desired effect requires larger doses

A

tolerance

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14
Q

compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known harmful consequences

A

addiction

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15
Q

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

A

withdrawal

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16
Q

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce (depress) neural activity and slow body functions

A

depressants

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17
Q

(popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

A

alcohol use disorder

18
Q

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

A

barbiturates

19
Q

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

opiates

20
Q

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamines) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

stimulants

21
Q

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

A

amphetamines

22
Q

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

A

nicotine

23
Q

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system with speed-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

A

methamphetamine

24
Q

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

A

Ecstasy (MDMA)

25
Q

psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

Hallucinogens

26
Q

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

A

LSD

27
Q

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

A

near-death experience

28
Q

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

A

THC

29
Q

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

A

mood disorder

30
Q

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest of pleasure

A

major depressive disorder

31
Q

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (formerly called manic- depressive disorder.)

A

bipolar disorder

32
Q

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

A

mania

33
Q

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished inappropriate emotional expression

A

schizophrenia

34
Q

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany schizophrenia and other disorders

A

delusions

35
Q

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

A

anorexia nervosa

36
Q

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), fasting, or excessive exercise

A

bulimia nervosa

37
Q

significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

A

binge-eating disorder

38
Q

a disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings

A

dissociative disorder

39
Q

a controversial, rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. formally called multiple personality disorder

A

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

40
Q

an inflexible and enduring behavior pattern that impairs social functioning

A

personality disorder

41
Q

a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

A

antisocial personality disorder

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