Chapter 13 Personality And Psychotherapy Flashcards
Personality
All those relatively permanent traits, dispositions, or characteristics within the individual that give measure of consistency to that persons behavior
Psychodynamic Perspective
Personality determined by conflicting , unconscious inner forces within the person
The conscious
Consist of things you are currently aware of; constantly changing
The preconscious
Consists of things you are NOT currently aware of, but could retrieve it if desired
The unconscious
Consist of things you’re unaware of and would be difficult to bring into awareness; THE PRIMARY PERSONALITY COMPONENT
ID
Functions according to the primary process thought which is irrational, instinct driven, and out of touch with reality; FOLLOWS PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
Ego
Functions according to secondary process thought (thinks of consequences) which is rational, controls and channels ID, FOLLOWS REALITY PRINCIPLE
Superego
Functions according to the idealistic principle which strives for moral perfection, contains sense of right and wrong
Psychosexual stages of development:
Oral stage (0-1)
Trust, pleasure comes from oral exploration of the world
Anal stage (1-3)
Control, pleasure comes from Urination and defecation
Phallic stage (3-6)
Sex role identification, pleasure comes from genital stimulation, oedipus and Electra complex
Latency stage (6-puberty)
Learning, sexual iimpulses are present but repressed and energy is focused on achievement and learning
Genital stage (puberty-adulthood)
Intimacy, sexuality resurfaces and pleasure comes from sexual activity with a partner, maturity occurs
Fixation
Becoming “stuck” in one stage of psychosexual development and not being able to progress any further
Regression
Moving back to an earlier stage of development, acting childlike and dependent (oral)
Denial
Refusing to accept that the feeling is present or that the event occurred
Repression
Relegating anxiety causing thoughts to the unconscious, refusing to think about them
Projection
Attributing ones undesirable traits or actions to others, so they become the problem instead of you
Displacement
Substituting a less threatening object for the subject of the hostile or sexual impulse (kicking a chair)
Sublimation
Redirecting anxiety-causing impulses into socially acceptable actions (putting aggressive child into football)
Reaction formation
Taking actions opposite to one’s feelings in order to deny the reality of the feelings
Rationalization
Creating intellectually acceptable arguments for thoughts or behavior to hide the actual anxiety-causing impulses (excuses to bad actions)
The Rorschach
Ink blot test: subject tells what each blot looks like and what aspect of the blot triggered that response
The TAT
Consists of vague or ambiguous drawings, person describes what’s happening in each drawing
Psychodynamic Therapy
Meet one on one with therapist
Free association
Patient reports whatever comes to mind (give topic, speak about it)
Resistance
Unwillingness to discuss topics related to unconscious conflicts
Transference
Shifting thoughts/feelings about an important person from the past onto the therapist
Dream analysis
Clients keep dream journal, reveal latent meanings of their dreams
Alfred alder
Humans motivated by the need to overcome inferiority and strive for significance (inferiority complex and compensation)
Carl Jung
Personal unconsciousness, collective unconscious: inherited tendencies to respond in a particular way (archetypes) shared by all humans (bond with mother and son)
Erick Erickson
Emphasized social influences, development continues throughout life (add stages instead of big groups)
Karen horney
Emphasized anxiety; felts that frauds theory was inadequate for women and children; cultural variables
Humanistic psychology
People consciously and purposefully make unique choices that leads them to their own personal growth
Carl Rogers
Self theory
Real self
Peoples actual perception of themselves and their abilities (know weaknesses and strengths)
Ideal self
Contains the attributes that the person wishes they had
Fully functioning person
A match between real and ideal self
Humanistic therapy
Client based/centered therapy, developed by Carl rogers
Behavioral theories
An individuals personality is nothing more than their LEARNED responses to the environment
Systematic desensitization
Clients learn how to replace an anxiety with relaxation (counting to 10 when mad)
Extinction
Likelihood of maladaptive response is reduced (flooding: person is over exposed to anxiety, provoking stimulus until it is no longer provoking anxiety (spider video)
Token economies
Using tokens that can be exchanged for other items or privileges as a reinforcer (buying new clothes every 5 lbs lost)
Modeling
Learning appropriate or desirable behavior by observing the actions of others (need to be shown how to act or else they won’t know)
Cognitive theories
Thought processes that lead to behavior, focuses on the role that thought processes play in creating disordered behavior, changes faulty thinking patterns
Common irrational beliefs
I must be perfect/ everyone must love me , the past determines the future
Becks cognitive therapy
Pattern of cognitive distortion associated with depression, exaggerate failures
Trait theories
Describes the structure of personality rather than explaining through a process
Universal theory
Examine how individuals differ on traits that all people posses (Carl jung)
Distinctive theories
Examine individuals unique sets of personality traits
The Big Five
Extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience
Cardinal trait
Single dominent trait that influences all activities
Central traits
Influences behavior in most situations
Secondary traits
Influences behavior in specific situations
