Chapter 13: Organization and Control of Neural Function Flashcards
CNS
- consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are protected by the skull and vertebral column
- concentration of computational and control function
PNS
- found outside the structures of the CNS
- functions as an input-output system for relaying information to the CNS and transmits output messages that control effector organs
Major cells of the nervous system
- neurons
- glial
Neurons
functional information-processing cells
Glial Cells
protect the nervous system and supply metabolic support
CNS: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia
PNS: schwann cells, satellite cells
Energy Requirements of Nervous Tissue **
Brain
15% cardiac output
20% oxygen consumption
cannot store oxygen or engage in anaerobic metabolism
- without oxygen, brain cells continue to function for approximately 10 seconds
- glucose needs
Afferent Neurons
sensory neurons
- carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system and brain
Efferent Neurons
motor neurons
- carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and towards muscles to cause movement
Electrical Synapses
permit the passage of current-carrying ions through small openings called gap junctions that penetrate the cell junction of adjoining cells and allow current to travel in either direction
Chemical Synapses
involve special presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane structures, separated by a synaptic cleft
Neural processing takes place where?
Synapse
Process of summation of stimuli across the synapse
Cell Column
are structures of the nervous system that have functionally specific PNS and CNS neurons repeated as parallel cell columns (afferent and efferent columns)
Frontal Lobe
extends from the frontal pole to the central sulcus (fissure) and is separated from the temporal lobe by the lateral sulcus
Parietal Lobe
lies behind the central sulcus (postcentral gyrus) and above the lateral sulcus
Temporal Lobe
lies below the lateral sulcus and merges with the parietal and occipital lobes
Occipital Lobe
lies posterior to the temporal and parietal lobes and is arbitrarily separated from them
Occipital Lobe
lies posterior to the temporal and parietal lobes and is arbitrarily separated from them
Cranial Nerves
On Old Olympus’s Towering Top, A Finn and A German Viewed A Hop
Some Say Marry Money; But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most
Olfactory I Optic II Oculomotor III Trochlear IV Trigeminal V Abducens VI Facial VII Auditory *vestibulocochlear* VIII Glossopharyngeal IX Vagus X Spinal Accessory XI Hypoglossal XII
Cranial Nerves
On Old Olympus’s Towering Top, A Finn and A German Viewed A Hop
Some Say Marry Money; But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most
Olfactory I Optic II Oculomotor III Trochlear IV Trigeminal V Abducens VI Facial VII Auditory *vestibulocochlear* VIII Glossopharyngeal IX Vagus X Spinal Accessory XI Hypoglossal XII
Blood Brain Barrier **
- helps to maintain chemically stable environment
- ## which is important for brain function
blood brain barrier and the blood CSF barrier work to …
maintain a stable environment for neural function
Function of the Automatic Nervous System
regulating, adjusting, and coordinating vital visceral functions
- BP and blood flow
- body temperature
- respiration
- digestion
- metabolism
- elimination
craniosacral and sacral control parasympathetic fiber
thoracolumbar regulate sympathetic function PANS AND SANS
Sympathetic
SANS fight or flight
norepinephrine
Parasympathetic
PANS rest and digest
acetacholine
Parasympathetic
PANS rest and digest
acetylcholine
