Chapter 13: Organization and Control of Neural Function

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

• consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are protected by the skull and vertebral column
• concentration of computational and control function

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

• found outside the structures of the CNS
• functions as an input-output system for relaying information to the CNS and transmits output messages that control effector organs

Question 3

Major cells of the nervous system

Answer 3

• neurons

- glial

Question 4

Neurons

Answer 4

functional information-processing cells

Question 5

Glial Cells

Answer 5

protect the nervous system and supply metabolic support
CNS: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia
PNS: schwann cells, satellite cells

Question 6

Energy Requirements of Nervous Tissue **

Answer 6

Brain
15% cardiac output
20% oxygen consumption
cannot store oxygen or engage in anaerobic metabolism
- without oxygen, brain cells continue to function for approximately 10 seconds
- glucose needs

Question 7

Afferent Neurons

Answer 7

sensory neurons

- carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system and brain

Question 8

Efferent Neurons

Answer 8

motor neurons

- carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and towards muscles to cause movement

Question 9

Electrical Synapses

Answer 9

permit the passage of current-carrying ions through small openings called gap junctions that penetrate the cell junction of adjoining cells and allow current to travel in either direction

Question 10

Chemical Synapses

Answer 10

involve special presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane structures, separated by a synaptic cleft

Question 11

Neural processing takes place where?

Answer 11

Synapse

Process of summation of stimuli across the synapse

Question 12

Cell Column

Answer 12

are structures of the nervous system that have functionally specific PNS and CNS neurons repeated as parallel cell columns (afferent and efferent columns)

Question 13

Frontal Lobe

Answer 13

extends from the frontal pole to the central sulcus (fissure) and is separated from the temporal lobe by the lateral sulcus

Question 14

Parietal Lobe

Answer 14

lies behind the central sulcus (postcentral gyrus) and above the lateral sulcus

Question 15

Temporal Lobe

Answer 15

lies below the lateral sulcus and merges with the parietal and occipital lobes

Question 16

Occipital Lobe

Answer 16

lies posterior to the temporal and parietal lobes and is arbitrarily separated from them

Question 17

Occipital Lobe

Answer 17

lies posterior to the temporal and parietal lobes and is arbitrarily separated from them

Question 18

Cranial Nerves

On Old Olympus’s Towering Top, A Finn and A German Viewed A Hop

Some Say Marry Money; But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most

Answer 18

Olfactory I 
Optic II 
Oculomotor III
Trochlear IV 
Trigeminal V
Abducens VI 
Facial VII
Auditory *vestibulocochlear* VIII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Spinal Accessory XI 
Hypoglossal XII

Question 19

Cranial Nerves

On Old Olympus’s Towering Top, A Finn and A German Viewed A Hop

Some Say Marry Money; But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most

Answer 19

Olfactory I 
Optic II 
Oculomotor III
Trochlear IV 
Trigeminal V
Abducens VI 
Facial VII
Auditory *vestibulocochlear* VIII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Spinal Accessory XI 
Hypoglossal XII

Question 20

Blood Brain Barrier **

Answer 20

• helps to maintain chemically stable environment
• ## which is important for brain function

Question 21

blood brain barrier and the blood CSF barrier work to …

Answer 21

maintain a stable environment for neural function

Question 22

Function of the Automatic Nervous System

Answer 22

regulating, adjusting, and coordinating vital visceral functions

• BP and blood flow
• body temperature
• respiration
• digestion
• metabolism
• elimination

craniosacral and sacral control parasympathetic fiber

thoracolumbar regulate sympathetic function PANS AND SANS

Question 23

Sympathetic

Answer 23

SANS fight or flight

norepinephrine

Question 24

Parasympathetic

Answer 24

PANS rest and digest

acetacholine

Question 25

Parasympathetic

Answer 25

PANS rest and digest

acetylcholine