Chapter 13 - Kidney Flashcards
What should the nonneoplastic glomerulus be evaluated for?
Global/segmental sclerosis, MH/ECH, mesangial matrix, inflammatory cells, crescents, thrombi, hyalinosis.
What should the nonneoplastic tubule be evaluted for?
Acute and chronic inflammation, injury (vacuolization through sloughing), casts, THP, atrophy.
What should the nonneoplastic interstitium be evaluated for?
Inflammation, fibrosis, edema
What should the nonneoplastic arteries/arterioles be evaluted for?
Intimal thickening, hyaline deposits, emboli, TMA (thrombi+RBC fragments), fibrinoid necrosis.
What are the causes and appearance of crescentic glomerulonephritis?
Fibrinous crescents and inflammatory cells with disruption of the basement membrane.
Split into granular, linear (anti-GBM), and pauci-immune.
What are the causes and appearance of proliferative glomerulonephritis?
Hypercellularity, edema, and inflammation.
Postinfectious, IgA nephropathy, lupus…
What conditions cause nephrotic syndrome?
MCD/FSGS, membranous, MPGN, and other nonprimary renal diseases (DN, lupus, amyloid, drugs)
What are the IF features of MCD and FSGS?
No immune complexes; diagnosed based on LM and EM.
Name two patterns of immune-complex mediated disease that can present with nephrotic syndrome.
Membranous
Membranoproliferative (also has proliferative component)
What changes are seen in diabetic nephropathy? Hypertension?
DN: Nodular mesangial sclerosis (KW nodules), then global scarring.
HTN: Intimal fibrosis, hyaline deposits.
Name two tubular nonneoplastic diseases.
AIN, ATN
What are the three forms of transplant rejection? What are their features?
Acute cellular (ACR): Glomerulitis, interstitial inflammation, tubulitis, minimal arteritis.
Acute humoral (AMR/AHR): Glomerulitis, tubular injury, neutrophil margination, and C4D in PTCs.
Chronic: Glomerulopathy (double contours), mesangial matrix increase, IFTA, intimal thickening and arteriolar hyalinosis.
