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History ACAD > Chapter 13 Islam > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Islam Flashcards

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1
Q

hadith

A

interprets the Quran and how it affects the way you live your life

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2
Q

umma

A

community of the faithful

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3
Q

hijra

A

Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina

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4
Q

omniscient, omnipresent, omnipotent

A

Allah was …. all knowing, everywhere, all powerful

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5
Q

sharia

A

islamic law (strict behavioral expectations)

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6
Q

caliph

A

successor of Muhammad

leader of the Umma

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7
Q

sunni

A

majority

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8
Q

shia

A

believed every caliph should descend from Ali

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9
Q

dar-al-islam

A

world of Islam

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10
Q

ulama

A

religious scholars

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11
Q

sultan

A

turkish leader of the islamic region

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12
Q

madrasa

A

secular or religious educational institution

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13
Q

natural reason

A

islamic people did not believe that religion contradicts science

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14
Q

qadis

A

islamic judges

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15
Q

sufi

A
  • group of missionaries and islamic mystics

- did not find formal religious teachings to be especially meaningful

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16
Q

quran

A

holy book; revelations of Muhammad

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17
Q

jihad

A

internal struggle

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18
Q

was Muhammad monotheistic or polytheistic?

A

monotheistic

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19
Q

Abraham was the ….

A

founder of the three main monotheistic religions

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20
Q

Mecca was…

A

an important economic center

21
Q

what differentiated tribal communities?

A

were less patriarchal, women had prominent roles

22
Q

true/false: every single person was essential in a tribal community

A

true

23
Q

divine unity was…

A
  • more than monotheism: had one idol

- no more tribal divisions, brought everyone together as one

24
Q

muslim

A

one that submits to god

25
Q

did the Quran support images of Allah?

A

no, did not consent on religious depictions of Allah

26
Q

what was the hardest part to believe about the Quran?

A

rebirth and idea of eternal damnation for breaking islamic laws

27
Q

what year started the muslim calendar and what started it?

A

622; Muhammad’s migration to Medina

28
Q

what did Muhammad destroy in Mecca?

A

destroyed the idols therefore destroying the independent order of tribes

29
Q

which city fell into despair after Muhammad’s death?

A

Medina

30
Q

five pillars of islam:

A

1) Muslims must acknowledge Allah as the only god and Muhammad as his prophet.
2) They must pray to Allah daily while facing Mecca.
3) They must observe a fast during the daylight hours of the month of Ramadan.
4) They must contribute alms for the relief of the weak and poor.
5) Those who are physically and financially able must undertake the hajj and make at least one pilgrimage to Mecca.

31
Q

Abu Bakra was.. (4)

A

head of state for Islamic community, chief judge, religious leader, and military commander

32
Q

what caused a dramatic expansion of Islam?

A

when Muslim armies attacked Byzantine and Sassanid (both were worn out from struggle with each other)

33
Q

what was an advantage of the Umayyad central capital?

A

allowed for maintaining better communication with the vast and expanding Islamic region

34
Q

what caused the decline of the Umayyad?

A

caliphs devoted themselves increasingly to luxury and less to zealous leadership of the umma

35
Q

Abu al-Abbas was…

A
  • 1st of Abbasid dynasty

- allied readily with Shias and with Muslims who were not Arabs

36
Q

abassid dynasty

A
  • no longer conquering, but empire grew culturally

- did not show special favor to military aristocracy

37
Q

what did ulama’s and quads’ ensure in Baghdad?

A

ensured widespread observance of Islamic values

38
Q

Harun al-Rashid was…

A
  • high point of Abbasid dynasty

- distributed money to poor, provided liberal support for artists, etc.

39
Q

what caused the decline of the Abassid?

A

-civil war between Harun’s sons
governors rebelled and built -increased their power by building own power bases
-uprisings and peasant rebellions weakened dynasty

40
Q

what was good about transplanted crops?

A

are well in high heat; were able to grow year-round

41
Q

what encouraged experimentation with agricultural methods?

A

travel and communication

42
Q

what “new” industry arose during agricultural and urban boom? what did it facilitate?

A
  • paper industry

- facilitated keeping of administrative and commercial records

43
Q

why did dynasty rulers maintain travel roads?

A

they provided splendid routes for militate forces and administrative officials

44
Q

why were camels ideal for trade travel?

A

they could endure the rigors of the desert and could carry heavy loads

45
Q

what did banks do in the Islamic empire? (3)

A
  • lent money to entrepreneurs
  • served as brokers
  • exchanged different currencies
46
Q

how did Islamic law protect entrepreneurs?

A

provided security by explicitly recognizing certain forms of business organization

47
Q

veiling women was a sign of…

A

modesty; male dominance

48
Q

what did Muhammad give hope for?

A

gave hope to something after life (salvation)

49
Q

Al-Ghazali…

A
  • persian theologist

- argued that human reason was too frail to understand nature of Allah

History ACAD (1 decks)

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