Chapter 13 - Emotion Flashcards
What are emotions and the four components that affect emotions?
Emotion is a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action.
The four components are:
-physiological changes in the face brain and body
-cognitive processes
-subjective experience
- cultural influence
Describe the two forms of aphasia and how they differ.
Broca’s aphasia - subjects tend to be nonfluent but expressive. Affects language processing and speech production. Subjects take lengthy times to analyze language and find the words to respond.
Wernicke’s aphasia - fluent comprehension but garbled. Subjects continue to pretend to comprehend what’s happening.
List the primary emotions and describe how they differ from secondary emotions.
The primary emotions are surprise, disgust, happiness, sadness, anger, fear, contempt, and pride. These emotions are considered primary because they are considered to be universal and biologically based. Secondary emotions and specific to certain cultures and often don’t translate over language barriers.
What is facial feedback?
Facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed.
Ex. - when you smile, your muscles send messages to the brain saying that you are expressing a happy emotion, creating the sense of happiness.
Is it possible to fake emotion?
Yes, but difficult. We use more facial muscles when our feelings are legitimately expressed and it is for a much shorter length of time than a fake emotional attempt.
Describe the cognitive process involved in emotion.
The experience of emotion depends both on physiological arousal and on how that arousal is interpreted and explained. Attributions are the explanations that people make of their own and other peoples behavior.
Ex.- gold, silver, and bronze medalist. Who is happiest? Who is least happy?
What are display rules?
Social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or suppress) emotions.
Ex.- Germans do not believe in smiling as much as Americans do because they tend to guard their feelings more in public space.
What is emotion work?
Expression of an emotion, often because of a role requirement, that a person does not really feel.
Ex.- people who work in service must always appear smiling and happy for customers raged less of how they really feel.
How do gender roles affect emotion?
Gender does not affect whether an individual feels the emotion, but simply a different means if expression. Expectations hold that women tend to be more expressive of general emotions where as men do not. There are circumstance I’m which gender is and affect and some where it is not.
Ex.- smiling often around strangers, obedience and respect towards authority without temper
What is the general adaption syndrome?
It is a series of physiological reactions to stress occurring in three phases:
- alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion
Describe the three phases of the general adaption syndrome.
Alarm phase - the body mobilizes the sympathetic nervous system to meet the immediate threat
Resistance phase - body attempts to resist or cope with a stressor that cannot be avoided. Physiological responses of alarm phase continue, making the body more vulnerable to other stressors.
Exhaustion phase - persistent stress depletes the body of energy, thereby increasing vulnerability to physical problems and illness.
What are the four main stressors that are especially likely to affect the immune system and overall health of an individual?
- work related problems
- noise
- bereavement and loss
- poverty, powerlessness, and low status
Do optimism and pessimism affect the physical well being of an individual?
Yes, they can. Optimists tend to promote good health where pessimism tends to promote more physically destructive habits that ultimately negatively affect the well being.
What are four main methods for coping with stress?
1- Cooling off - progressive relaxation training
2- Solving the problem - emotion focused coping vs. problem focused coping
3- Rethinking the problem
-> reappraising the situation
-> learning from the experience
-> making social comparisons
4- Drawing on social support
