Chapter 13 Creating Positive Employee-Management Relations

Question 1

3 types of unions

Answer 1

1. industrial unions: semiskilled employees in manufacturing industries
2. trade unions: skilled employees in a single trade
3. employee associations: professional employees (healthcare, teachers)

Question 2

National Labor Relations Act of 1935

Answer 2

encourages a healthy relationship between private sector workers and their employers

guarantees the right of non-mangerial employees of firms engaged in interstate commerce to join unions and bargain collectively

curb work stoppages and strikes

aka Wagner Act

protects workers’ right to join a union

prohibits unfair labor practices

Question 3

Railway Labor Act

Answer 3

governs employment relations for airlines and railroads and is enforced by the National Mediation Board

substitue bargaining, arbitration, and mediation for strikes in resolving labor disputes

Question 4

National Labor Relations Act of 1947

Answer 4

Taft-Hartley Act

amended the Wagner Act to clarify what are considered unfair labor practices by unions an employees to extend the Wagner Act’s protections

legalized state right-to-work laws that prohibit union shops in which all workers in a unionized workplace are forced to join the union and pay dues

Question 5

right-to-work laws

Answer 5

state laws that prohibit union shops in which all workers in a unionized workplace must join the union and pay dues

Question 6

union shops

Answer 6

all workers in a unionized workplace are forced to join the union and pay dues

Question 7

closed shop

Answer 7

exclusively employs people who are already union members

Question 8

agency shop

Answer 8

requires nonunion workers to pay a fee to the union for its services in negotiating their contracts

Question 9

open shop

Answer 9

does not discriminate based on union member ship in employing or keeping workers

Question 10

Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959

Answer 10

Landrum-Griffin Act

outlined a bill of rights for union members and established procedures for union elections, discipline, and financial reporting

Question 11

How do unions organize?

Answer 11

first obtain the signatures of at least 30% of employees requesting a union

then NLRB verifies the signatures and orders a secret ballot election

if over half the employees signa a authorization card requesting a union the employer can choose to waive the secret ballot election process and voluntarily recognize the union

employer is never able to identify who is in the union

Question 12

card check

Answer 12

employees signa a card of support if they are in favor of unionization; if a majority of workers signa union authorization card, the NLRB requires the employer to recognize the union without a secret ballot election

Question 13

decertification election

Answer 13

an election to determine if a majority of employees want to no longer be represented by a union

Question 14

work center

Answer 14

nonprofit community organizations that offer services to their members including worker advocacy

Question 15

collective bargaining

Answer 15

occurs when the employer and the union negotiate in good faith on employment terms and conditions to generate a written contract

Question 16

hard bargaining

Answer 16

taking a strong position on an issue

Question 17

surface bargaining

Answer 17

going through the motions of negotiations with no intent of reaching an agreement

would violate the law

Question 18

3 categories of collective bargaining

Answer 18

mandatory, permissive, and illegal subjects

Question 19

mandatory

Answer 19

those required by the National Labor Relations Board and by law

Question 20

permissive

Answer 20

may be negotiated but do not have to be

Question 21

illegal

Answer 21

may not be negotiated

rights protected under federal or state law

Question 22

negotitation

Answer 22

a process in which two or more parties make offers

Question 23

distributive negotitation

Answer 23

occurs under zero-sum conditions where any gain to one party is offset by an equivalent loss to the other party

Question 24

integrative negotiation

Answer 24

a win win negotiation in which the agreement involves no loss to either party