Chapter 13 Flashcards
The genome consists of what chromosomes?
22 autosome and 1 sex chromosome.
a diploid genome is what
has 2 copies of each chromosome
diploid organisms have how many copies of the genome in all their somatic cells
two copies 1 from mom and 1 from dad
how long is the human genome?
3.2 billion bp
textbook definition of a genome
DNA molecules that are transmitted from parent to offspring.
modern day genome sequencing can sequence how many nucleotides?
100-800 nucleotides
what is the general strategy for ‘shotgun’ genome sequencing
- random fragment genomic DNA into millions of small pieces.
- determine the sequence of each small piece individually
- use computer software to assemble the short sequence fragments into long continuous stretches of sequences
why must the overlaps of genomes be long enough?
to ensure that assembly is correct and to determine which strand of DNA the sequence originated from.
What are the types of repeats?
- tandem (one after another)
- dispersed repeats (here and there in the genome)
- simple-sequenced repeats (just 2-3 nucleotides types)
what percent of the human genome is repetitive?
about 50%
in genome annotation, what types of sequences are available?
- non-coding RNA
- Single-copy gene
- Dispersed repeat
- tandem repeat
- simple-sequence repeat
what is genome annotation?
the process by which researchers identify the various types of sequences present in genomes.
do all genes code for proteins?
no, they also code for RNA’s that are not translated into proteins such as ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA and other types of small RNA molecule.
what is the c-value paradox?
the disconnect between genome size and the complexity of the organism. C-value: amount of DNA in a reproductive cell where the paradox is the apparent contradiction between genome size and organismal complexity.
What is a sequence motif?
sequences of nucleotides that indicate what functions may be encoded in a particular region of the genome.
