Chapter 13

Question 1

Aldose

Answer 1

A monosaccharide that contains an aldehyde group

Question 2

Amylopectin

Answer 2

A branched-chain polymer of starch composed of glucose units joined at alpha (1-4) and alpha (1-6) glycosidic bonds.

Question 3

Amylose

Answer 3

An unbranched polymer of starch composed of glucose units joined by alpha (1-4) glycosidic bonds

Question 4

Carbohydrate

Answer 4

A simple or complex sugar composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 5

Cellulose

Answer 5

An unbranched polysaccharide composed of glucose units linked by beta (1-4) glycosidic bonds that cannot be hydrolized by the human digestive system

Question 6

Chiral

Answer 6

An object or molecule that has a nonsperimposable mirror image.

Question 7

Chiral Carbon

Answer 7

A carbon atom that is bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Question 8

Dissaccharide

Answer 8

A Carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond.

Question 9

Enantiomers

Answer 9

Chiral compounds that are mirror images that cannot be superimposed`

Question 10

Fischer Projection

Answer 10

A system for drawing stereoisomers; an intersection of a vertical and horizontal line represents a carbon atom. A vertical line represents bonds that project backwards from a carbon atom and a horizontal line represents bonds that project forward. The most highly oxidized carbon is on the top.

Question 11

Fructose

Answer 11

A monosaccharide that is called levulose and fruit sugar and is found in honey and fruit juices; it is combined with glucose in sucrose.

Question 12

Galactose

Answer 12

A monosaccharide that occurs combined with glucose in lactose

Question 13

Glucose

Answer 13

An aldehoxose found in fruits, vegetables, corn syrup, and honey that is also known as blood sugar and dextrose. The most prevalent monosaccharide in the diet. Most polysaccharides are polymers of glucose.

Question 14

Glycogen

Answer 14

A polysaccharide formed in the liver and muscles for the storage of glucose as an energy reserve. It is composed of glucose in a highly branched polymer joined by alpha (1-4) And alpha (1-6)glycosidic bonds

Question 15

Glycosidic bond

Answer 15

The bond that forms when the hydroxyl group of one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of another monosaccharide. It is the type of bond that links monosaccharides in di= or polysaccharides

Question 16

Haworth structure

Answer 16

The ring structure of a monosaccharide

Question 17

Ketose

Answer 17

A monosaccharide that contains a ketone group

Question 18

Lactose

Answer 18

A disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose found in milk and milk products

Question 19

Maltose

Answer 19

A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units; it is obtained from the hydrolysis of starch and is found in germinating grains

Question 20

Monosaccharide

Answer 20

A polyhyroxyl compound that contains an aldehyde or ketone group

Question 21

Polysaccharide

Answer 21

A polymer of many monosaccharide units, usually glucose. Polysaccharides differ in the types of glycosidic bonds and the amount of branching in the polymer.

Question 22

Stereoisomers

Answer 22

Isomers that have atoms bonded in the same order, but with different arrangements in space.

Question 23

Sucrose

Answer 23

A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose; a non-reducing sugar, commonly called table sugar or “sugar”