Chapter 13 Flashcards
the vessels that carry blood from arterioles to venules are
capillaries
the vessels that carry blood from the heart to capillaries are
arteries
the vessels that carry blood from capillaries to the heart are
veins
what is the lining of the arteries and veins and what is it made of
tunica intima and it is made of simple squamous epithelial
what is the function of the tunica intima
the smoothness prevents blood clotting
what is the middle layer of arteries and veins and what is it made of
tunica media and is made of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
what is the function of the tunica media
help maintain diastolic blood pressure
what is the outer layer of arteries and veins and what is it made of
tunica externia and is made of fibrous connective tissue
what is the function of the tunica externa
prevents the rupture of blood vessels
middle layer is thick because these vessels are important in the maintenance of blood pressure
arteries
the lining is not folded into valves
arteries
the outer layer is thick to prevent rupture by the high blood pressure in these vessels
arteries
the outer layer is thin because blood pressure is low
veins
the lining is folded into valves to prevent backflow of blood
veins
the middle layer is thin because these vessels are not as important in the maintenance of blood pressure
veins
direct connections between arteries or veins are called
anastomoses
what is the purpose of anastomoses
provide alternate pathways for flow of blood if one vessel becomes blocked or obstructed
what type of tissue is capillaries made of
simple squamous epithelium
why are capillaries are smooth and thin
to prevent abnormal clotting and thin to permit exchanges of materials between the blood and surrounding cells
blood flow through capillary networks is regulated by what
smooth muscle cells called precapillary spincters
in active tissue precapillay blood will do what
dilate to increase blood flow to supply tissues with more oxygen
large permable capillaries are called what
sinusoids
proteins and blood cells can enter or leave sinusoids which are found in
liver spleen and red bone marrow
molecules move from greater area of concentration to a lesser area of concentration
diffusion
co2 moves from tissue fluid into the blood
diffusion
oxygen moves from the blood to tissue fluid
diffusion
high blood pressure at the arterial end of capillary networks forces plasma out of capillaries
filtration
nutrients move from the blood into the tisssue fluid
filtration
albumin in the blood creates a colloid osmosis pressure that pulls water and dissolved materials
osmosis
waste products move from tissue fluid into the blood
osmosis
in the pulmonary circulation the pathway begins where? what does it pump blood through?
rigtht ventricle,pulmonary artery to the lungs
blood in pulmonary veins returns to the
left atrium
what is the purpose of the pumonary pathway
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood in pulmonary capillaries and in the alveoli of the lungs
where does the systemic circulation pathway begin
left ventricle and pumps blood through aorta to the body
blood in thr superior and inferior caval veins returns
to the right atrium
what is the purpose of the systemic circulation pathway
exchange materials between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the cells throughout body
below the level of the diaphragm
abdominal
emerges from the left ventricle
acsending
passes through the chest cavity tobthe level of the diaphragm
thoracic
curves the top of the heart
aortic arch
coronary artery
heart
femoral artery
thigh
brachial artery
arm
bronchial artery
bronchioles
internal carotid artery
brain
renal artery
kidneys
hepatic artery
liver
intercoastal artery
chest wall
anterior tibial artery
lower leg
subclavian artery
shoulder
radial artery
forearm
superior mesenteric artery
small intestine
esophageal artery
esophagus
vertebral artery
brain
celiac artery
abdominal organs
popliteal artery
knee
common iliac artery
hip
plantar arches artery
foot
external jugular vein
neck
axillary vein
armpit
great saphenous vein
leg and thigh
inferior vena cava vein
lower body
common iliac vein
hip
ulnar vein
forearm
cranial venous sinuses
brain
superior vena cava
upper body
renal vein
kidney
subclavian vein
shoulder
brachial vein
arm
femoral vein
thigh
site of exchange of materials between fetal blood and material blood and what are some of the materials exchanged
placenta. oxygen co2 and nurtients and waste products
processes of exchange
diffusion or active transport
fetus is connected to placenta by the umbilical cord which contains what
2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein
umbilical arteries carry blood from
fetus to placenta
within the body of the fetus the umbilical vein branches into how many vessels
2
the first branch of umbilical vein takes blood where
fetal liver
the second branch of umbilical veins is called what and where does it take blood
inferior vena cava which returns blood to the right atrium of the fetal heart
within the fetal heart what is an opening in the interatrial septum that permits some blood flow frombthe right atrium to the left atrium
foramen ovale
within the foreman ovale flow what does the blood do
bypass the fetal lungs
what is just outside the fetal heart and is a short vessel that permits blood to flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
ductess arterious
what is the purpise of the ductus arteriosus
permits most fetal blood to bypass the lungs
after birth what does the ductus venosus do
constricts and becomes nonfunctional
after birth what happens to the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus
the foraman ovale is closed by a flap on the left side and the ductus constricts . this ensures normal pulmonary circulation will be established
what happens to the velosity of blood flow when a cross sectional area of the vascular system increases
decreases
what is venous return
the amount of blood that returns to the heart
venous return is essential to maintain what
cardiac output
