Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Rami

A

The branches that the spinal nerve divides in to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Posterior (dorsal) Ramus

A

Serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anterior (ventral) Ramos

A

Serves the muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs and the skin of the lateral and anterior surfaces of the trunk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Meningeal Branch

A

The branch that reenters the vertebral cavity through the intervertebral foramen and supplies the vertebrae , vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of the spinal cord , and meninges.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Plexus

A

A network of axons ( cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Root

“Risk Takers Don’t Cautiously Behave”

A

Two bundles of axons , connect each spinal Nerve to a segment of the cord by even smaller bundles of axons called rootlets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trunks

A

The roots of several spinal nerves unite to form trunks in the inferior part of the neck.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Divisions

A

Trunks diverge into divisions (anterior, posterior divisions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cords

A

Divisions unite to form cords called the lateral , medial, and posterior cords.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Axiallary Nerve

A

Supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Musculocutaneous Nerve

A

Supplies the anterior muscles of the arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Radial Nerve

A

Supplies the muscles on the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Median Nerve

A

Supplies most of the muscles of the anterior forearm and some of the muscles of the hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A

Supplies the anteromedial muscles of the forearm and most of the muscles of the hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Meninges

A

3 protective connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain. From superficial to deep they are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epidural space

A

A space between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dura mater

A

“Tough mother”, the most superficial of the tree spinal meninges is a thick strong layer composed of a dense irregular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Layer in the middle of the meningeal membranes , a thin avascular covering comprised of cells , loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Subdural space

A

Between the Dura mater and the arachnoid mater, contains interstitial fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pia Mater

A

The Innermost meninx is a thin transparent connective tissue layer that adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain. Thin squamous to cuboidal cells , have many blood vessels that supply nutrients to the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Denticulate Ligaments

A

Are thickening of the pia mater. They project laterally and fuse with the arachnoid mater and inner surface of the dura mater between the the anterior and posterior Nerve roots of spinal nerves on either side. They protect the spinal cord against sudden displacement that could result in shock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater, it contains shock absorbing cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spinal tap

A

Lumbar puncture , a long hollow needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space to withdraw CSF for diagnostic purposes. , to introduce antibiotics , contrast media for myelography or anesthetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

Extends from C4 to T1, nerves TO and from upper limbs arise from the cervical enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lumbar enlargement

A

The inferior enlargement, extends from T9 to T12. Nerves to and from the lower limbs arise from the lumbar enlargement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Conus Medullaris

A

Inferior to the lumbar enlargement the spinal cord terminates as a tapering , conical structure called the conus medullaris, which ends at the level of the intervertebral disc between the first and second lumbar vertebrae in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Filum Terminale

A

Arises from the conus medullaris , an extension of the pia mater that extends inferiorly , fuses with the arachnoid mater and dura mater , anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

28
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Are the paths of communication between the spinal cord and specific regions of the body

29
Q

Posterior / dorsal roots

A

Contain only sensory axons which conduct never impulses from sensory receptors in the skin , muscles , and internal organs in the CNS

30
Q

Anterior/ Ventral Roots

A

Contain axons of motor neurons which conduct nerve impulses from the cns to effectors (muscles and glands)

31
Q

Cauda Equina “horse tail”

A

A tail Like array of roots of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord

32
Q

Anterior median fissure

A

A wide groove on the anterior (ventral) side of the spinal cord

33
Q

Posterior median fissure

A

Is a narrow furrow on the posterior (dorsal) side of the spinal cord

34
Q

Gray commissure

A

Forms the cross bar of the H in the gray matter of the spinal cord

35
Q

Central canal

A

A space in the center of the gray commissure that extends the entire length of the spinal cord and is filled with CSF

36
Q

Anterior (ventral) White commissure

A

Connects the white matter of the right and left sides of the spinal cord

37
Q

Horns

A

The gray matter on each side of the spinal cord is subdivided into regions called horns

38
Q

Posterior Gray Horns

A

Contain cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as axons of incoming sensory neurons

39
Q

Anterior Gray Horns

A

Contain somatic motor nuclei

40
Q

Lateral Gray Horns

A

Are between the posterior and anterior gray horns, are only present in Thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

41
Q

Sensory Tracts

A

Consist of of axons that conduct of axons that conduct nerve impulses toward the brain

42
Q

Motor tracts

A

Tracts consisting of axons that carry nerve impulses FROM the brain

43
Q

Endoneurium

A

Wrap around individual axons within a nerve, the inner most layer contains collagen fibers, fibroblasts and macrophages

44
Q

Fascicles

A

Groups of axons with their endoneurium are held together in bundles called fascicles

45
Q

Perineurium

A

Around each fascicle , middle layer

46
Q

Epineurium

A

Outermost covering over the entire nerve , fibroblasts and thick collagen fibers

47
Q

Rami Communicantes

A

Branches of a spinal nerve that are components of the autonomic nervous system

48
Q

Intercostal Nerves

A

A nerve supplying a muscle located between the ribs aka thoracic nerves

49
Q

Dermatome

A

The area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS through one pair of spinal nerves or trigeminal nerve

50
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Conveys nerve impulses for sensing pain , warmth, coolness, itching , tickling , etc.

51
Q

Posterior Column

A

Consists of two tracts: gracile and cuneate fasciculus. Posterior Column tracts convey nerve impulses for discriminative touch, light pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception ( the awareness of the positions and movements of muscles, tendons , and joints )

52
Q

Direct Motor Pathways

A

Include the lateral corticospinal, anterior corticospinal, and corticobulbar tracts. They convey nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and are destined to cause voluntary moments of the skeletal muscles.

53
Q

Indirect Motor Pathways

A

Include the rubrospinal, tectospinal, vestibulospinal, and medial reticulospinal tracts. These tracts convey nerve impulses from the brain stem to cause automatic movements and help coordinate body movements with visual stimuli

54
Q

Spinal Reflex

A

When integration takes place in the spinal cord gray matter . Ex: patellar reflex

55
Q

Cranial Reflex

A

When integration occurs in the brain stem . Ex: tracking movements of your eyes while reading a sentence.

56
Q

Reflex Arc

A

The pathway followed by nerve impulses that produce a Reflex

57
Q

Sensory Receptor

A

The distal end of a sensory neuron or an associated sensory structure serves as a sensory receptor , it responds to a specific stimulus

58
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

Neuron that carries sensory information from cranial and spinal nerves into the brain and spinal cord from a lower To higher level in the spinal cord and brain aka afferent neuron

59
Q

Integrating Center

A

A single synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron

60
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Impulses triggered by the integrating center propagate out of the CNS along a motor neuron to the part of the body that will respond.

61
Q

Effector

A

The part of the body that responds to the motor nerve impulse , such as a muscle or gland .

62
Q

Somatic Reflex

A

If the effector is skeletal muscle

63
Q

Autonomic Reflex

A

If the effector is smooth muscle , cardiac muscle , or a gland .

64
Q

Stretch Reflex

A

Causes contraction of a skeletal muscle in response to stretching of the muscle.

65
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

An encapsulated proprioceptor in skeletal muscle , consisting of specialized intrafusual muscle fibers and nerve endings ; stimulated by changes in length or tension of muscle fibers

66
Q

Ipsilateral Reflex

A

Snensory nerve impulses enter the spinal cord on the same side from which motor nerve impulses leave it . All monosynaptic reflexes are ipsilateral

67
Q

Muscle tone

A

The small degree of contraction present while the muscle is at rest

Anatomy And Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions