Chapter 13

Question 1

acute illness

Answer 1

is characterized by severe symptoms that are relatively short lived. symptoms tend to appear suddenly, progress steadily, and subside quickly

Question 2

chronic illness

Answer 2

usually develops gradually, requires ongoing medical attention, and may continue for a duration of the individuals life. examples: HTN, DM, Parkinson disease. they can be treated but not cured.

Question 3

chronic illness are caused by permanent changes that leave residual disability.

Answer 3

They vary in severity and outcomes but a state of normal health is elusive. many chronic illness can be managed successfully, some are progressively debilitating and result in premature death.

Question 4

terminal

Answer 4

is a disease that will end in death

Question 5

acute

Answer 5

quick onset & short duration example flu, sinus infection

Question 6

terminal disease

Answer 6

No treatment for issue, treatment exhausted will end in death, hospice for comfort measures. example stage 4 lymphoma

Question 7

complications

Answer 7

disease from another disease example kidney disease lead to diabetes

Question 8

remission

Answer 8

signs and symptoms subside (want this outcome)

Question 9

exacberation

Answer 9

recur in severity (comes back worse)

Question 10

relapse

Answer 10

returns

Question 11

chronic illness is one of the fastest growing HC problems in the US

Answer 11

in 2012 about half us pop had one or more chronic illness

Question 12

some chronic illnesses

Answer 12

go through remission and exacerbation

no guarantee each pt is different

Question 13

consequences of chronic illness may be life altering

Answer 13

lead to altered individual functioning and disruption to family (care givers).

Question 14

adjustment to illness

Answer 14

stage 1 disbelief and denial
stage 2 irritability and anger
stage 3 attempting to gain control (fear stimulate treatment seeking
stage 4 depression and despair
stage 5 acceptance and participation
not every person does these the same way may be down out of order

Question 15

sick role Talcott parsons 1964

5 attributes of the Anglo-American sick role

Answer 15

exemption from social responsibility 
can't be expected to care for ones self
should want to get well
should seek medical advice
should cooperate with medical experts
this definition includes behavior that is dependen, passive, and submissive

Question 16

contemporary view of sick role

Answer 16

pt have become increasingly likely to challenge doctor and seek own info. nurses are required to be culturally competent in providing pt centered care. there is no normative illness response based on culture. response to illness varies

Question 17

illness behaviors interactive influences

Answer 17

personality structures contribute to how a pt manages illness:
dependence/independence 
coping ability 
hardiness 
learned resourcefulness 
resilience 
spiritual

Question 18

dependence

Answer 18

some adapt a passive attitude and rely on others to care for them. can be frustrating to nurses

Question 19

independence

Answer 19

continue to be in denial and try to live independently as they can. can be frustrating to nurses

Question 20

coping ability

Answer 20

strategies a person uses to assess and manage demands. each pt is different.

Question 21

resourcefulness

Answer 21

refers to use of cognitive skills that minimize the negative effects of thoughts. self mastery reduces feelings of despair. resourcefulness can be taught as a form of coping:
stress management
self regulation
problem solving
conflict resolution
emotion management (emotional intelligence )

Question 22

resilience

Answer 22

defined as a successful adaption despite challenging or threatening circumstances
resilience can be a result from 3 factors
disposition- temperament personality
family factors- warmth support organization
outside support factors- supportive network, success in school or work

Question 23

spiritually

Answer 23

defined as belief in a higher power interconnectedness among living beings and an awareness of life purpose and meaning.
nurses responsibility to refrain from from trying to influence pt religious belief. nurses encouraged to view spirituality as an accent of whole person, is a coping mechanism. don’t judge

Question 24

external influences past experiences

Answer 24

messages from child hood about illness can affect adjustment to it
nurses should determine the nature of past experience related to health and care in order to individualize care accordingly
support system

Question 25

external influences on illness

Answer 25

culture pattern or learned behavior and values that are reinforced through social interactions.

Question 26

culture competent nurse

Answer 26

without cultural competence nursing a care can be compromised, including problems with
sterotyping
communication difficulty
misperception about personal space
differing values and role expectations
ethnogpharmacologic pharmacological consider
ethnocentrism similar to ego centric

Question 27

avoid stereotyping

Answer 27

defined as Pigeon holding or labeling pt with prior assumption

Question 28

communication difficulties

Answer 28

culture knowledge will help ensure that nurses understand and correctly interpret communication from different cultures.
patterns if communication are strongly influenced by culture

Question 29

misinterpretation of personal space

Answer 29

culture differ in the amount of personal space that is comfortable for members
nurses must be sensitive to expectations about touch and personal distance

Question 30

cultural assessment

Answer 30

begins with nurses self assessment

used identify beliefs values and health practices that may help or hinder nursing interventions

Question 31

impact of illness on pt and family

Answer 31

emotional and behavioral changes
guilt - pt may feel guilt about being sick esp6if illness was result of lifestyle choices
anger- common emotional response when illness requires sacrafice
anxiety- conforms on 4 levels mild moderate severe and panic
stress- both common response to illness and important factor in development of illness.