Chapter 13

Question 1

Anesthetic

Answer 1

Drug that prevents pain during surgery

Question 2

Enclosure

Answer 2

The process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers

Question 3

Smelt

Answer 3

melt in order to get the pure metal away form its waste matter

Question 4

Capital

Answer 4

money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise

Question 5

Enterprise

Answer 5

Business organization in such area as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories

Question 6

Entrepreneur

Answer 6

Person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit

Question 7

Turnpike

Answer 7

Private road built by entrepreneurs who charged a toll to travelers who used it

Question 8

Urbanization

Answer 8

movement of people from rural areas to cities.

Question 9

Tenement

Answer 9

multistory building divided into crowded apartments.

Question 10

Labor Union

Answer 10

Worker’s organization

Question 11

Standard of Living

Answer 11

measures the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in a society.

Question 12

Utilitarianism

Answer 12

The idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Question 13

Socialism

Answer 13

System in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all business

Question 14

Social Mobility

Answer 14

The ability to move in social class

Question 15

Means of Production

Answer 15

Farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods

Question 16

Communism

Answer 16

Belief that class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by a community as a whole.

Question 17

Dynamo

Answer 17

A machine used to generate electricity

Question 18

Interchangeable parts

Answer 18

Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing.

Question 19

Proletariat

Answer 19

Working Class

Question 20

Social Democracy

Answer 20

Political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system.

Question 21

Assembly Line

Answer 21

Production method that breaks down into a series of smaller tasks

Question 22

Corporation

Answer 22

Business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment.

Question 23

Stock

Answer 23

Shares in a company

Question 24

Germ Theory

Answer 24

Theory that infectious diseases are caused by certain microbes.

Question 25

Cartel

Answer 25

Group of companies that join together to control the production and price of a product.

Question 26

Urban Renewal

Answer 26

Process of fixing up the poor areas of a city

Question 27

Mutual-aid Society

Answer 27

Self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers

Question 28

Temperance Movement

Answer 28

Campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages

Question 29

Racism

Answer 29

Belief that one racial group is superior to another

Question 30

Women’s Suffrage

Answer 30

Right of women to vote.