Chapter 13

Question 1

What is the objective of NMES?

Answer 1

to elicit a contraction of skeletal muscle caused by the depolarization of intramuscular nerve branches

Question 2

What is the objective of NMES when it comes to the patient?

Answer 2

improve motor unit recruitments while inducing muscle hypertrophy through successive bouts of short duration maximal electrically stimulated muscle contraction against NMES

Question 3

What is the function of NMES?

Answer 3

to preserve and recover muscle function in patients and to help strengthen muscles in healthy individuals

Question 4

What are the electrodes made of for NMES?

Answer 4

carbon rubber material or pliable stainless steel knit fabrics

Question 5

What do you do if you need to stimulate pelvic floor muscles?

Answer 5

insertable or suction cup electrodes

Question 6

waveform

Answer 6

a geometric configuration of a current based on its phase, symmetry, electrical balance and shape

Question 7

monophasic waveform

Answer 7

made of one phase that moves in one direction (either + or-) from 0 back to 0 after an amount of time

Question 8

is monophasic balanced or unbalanced?

Answer 8

always unbalanced

Question 9

biphasic waveform

Answer 9

much of two phases, one going in one direction, then the opposite direction from 0 baseline, then returning back to baseline, then returning to the baseline after an amount of time

Question 10

symmetrical biphasic waveform

Answer 10

when positive and negative phases are the eact same geometrially

Question 11

which type of biphasic waveform is always balanced?

Answer 11

symmetrical biphasic waveform

Question 12

asymmetric biphasic waveform

Answer 12

when positive and negative phases are geometrically different

Question 13

balanced biphasic waveform

Answer 13

equal electricl charges in both the positive and negative phases, often referred to as having a zero net charge

Question 14

unbalanced biphasic waveform

Answer 14

unequal electrical charges in both the positive and negative phases, there is a net accumulation of charges within the waveform

Question 15

what shapes can biphasic waveforms be?

Answer 15

rectangular, square, triangular, sinusoidal, exponential

Question 16

phase

Answer 16

electrical event that begins when the current departs from the isoelectric line and ends when it returns to the line

Question 17

pulse

Answer 17

single momentary and sudden fluctuation of current, they can have various shapes

Question 18

cycle

Answer 18

a pulse that is sinusoidal in shape

Question 19

burst/beat

Answer 19

a group of two or more successive cycles separated by a time interval where there is no electrical current

Question 20

duration

Answer 20

time elapsed between the beginning of the first phase and the end of the last phase

Question 21

interpulse

Answer 21

time elapsed between each duration

Question 22

frequency

Answer 22

the number of times per second that a pulse, cycle, beat or burst will repeat itself

Question 23

other name for russian current

Answer 23

burst-modulated sinusoidal alternating current

Question 24

russian current

Answer 24

stems from time modulation of a continuous alternating sine-wave current with a carrier frequency of 2500 cycles per second (hertz)

Question 25

interferential current other name

Answer 25

beat amplitude-modulated sinusoidal alternating current

Question 26

interferential current

Answer 26

low frequency, amplitude modulated electrical current that results from the interference caused by crossing two or more medium-frequency alternating sine-wave currents with different carrier frequencies

Question 27

low frequency interferential current

Answer 27

less than 1000cps

Question 28

medium frequency interferential current

Answer 28

1001-10,000cps

Question 29

carrier frequency interferential current

Answer 29

3000-5000cps