chapter 13

Question 1

Just in time

Answer 1

a philosophy of manufacturing based on planned elimination of all waste and on continuous improvement of productivity. In a broad sense, it applies to all forms of manufacturing and to many service industries as well. used synonymously with lean

Question 2

lean

Answer 2

a philosophy of production that emphasizes the minimization of the amount of all the resources (including time) used in the various activities of an enterprise. it involves indentifying and eliminating non-value-adding activities in design, production, supply chain management, and dealing with customer. used synonymously with JIT

Question 3

waste

Answer 3

according to APICS, in the JIT/Lean philosophy, “any activity that does not add value to the good or service in the eyes of the customer”

Question 4

Muda

Answer 4

a japanese term for waste

Question 5

overproduction

Answer 5

inflexible or unreliable processes may cause organizations to produce goods before they are required

Question 6

waiting

Answer 6

inefficient layouts or an inability to match demand with output levels may cause waiting

Question 7

unnecessary transportation

Answer 7

transporting goods always increases costs and the risk of damage, but it does not necessarily provide value to the final customer

Question 8

inappropriate process

Answer 8

companies sometimes use overly complex processes when simpler more efficient ones would do

Question 9

unnecessary inventory

Answer 9

uncertainty with regard to quality levels, delivery lead times, and the like can lead to unnecessary inventory

Question 10

unnecessary/excess motion

Answer 10

poorly designed processes can lead to unnecessary motion

Question 11

defects

Answer 11

not only do defects create uncertainty in the process, they rob production capacity by creating products or services that require rework or must be scrapped

Question 12

underutilization of employees

Answer 12

this is the newest form of waste added to the list, and it recognizes that too often companies do not fully utilize the skills and decision making capabilities of their employers

Question 13

lean six sigma

Answer 13

a methodology that combines the organizational elements and tools of six sigma with leans focus on waste reduction

Question 14

lean supply chain management

Answer 14

an extension of the lean philosophy to supply chain efforts beyond production. lean supply chain management seeks to minimize the level of resources required to carry out all supply chain activities

Question 15

kanban system

Answer 15

a production control approach that uses containers, cards, or visual cues to control the production and movement of goods through the supply chain

Question 16

two card kanban system

Answer 16

a special form of the kanban system that uses one card to control production and another card to control movement of materials

Question 17

move card

Answer 17

a kanban card that is used to indicate when a container of parts should be moved to the next process step

Question 18

production card

Answer 18

a kanban card that is used to indicate when another container of parts should be produced

Question 19

pull system

Answer 19

a production system in which actual downstream demand sets off a chain of events that pulls materials through the various process steps