Chapter 13 Flashcards
When one considers Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects, research indicates all but which of the following?
One to three beers or glasses of wine per day may help reduce emotional stress and will not affect the developing fetus
Which of the following is NOT a function of caffeine?
In conjuction with epinephrine, caffeine decreases the rate of muscle and liver glycogen breakdown.
Regarding the effect of caffeine on exercise performance, a review of the available research suggests
Caffeine ingestion increases epinephrine levels during exercise and may exert a stimulating psychological effect
Which of the following generalizations is acceptable when considering the impact of caffeine as a significant health risk?
Massive doses of caffeine may be fatal, while lesser amounts confer some possible health benefits
Health problems associated with use of ephedra include all of the following EXCEPT
Prolonged extreme elation
Which of the following medical problems related to anabolic/androgenic steroids have NOT been documented in recent research reviews?
Increased bone growth in children and adolescents
Supplements such as DHEA and Androstenedione are termed _____ because they are precursors for testosterone and are thus theorized to increase muscle mass and decrease body fat.
Prohormones
Which of the following best describes the action of ginseng in the body?
It is believed to influence neural and hormonal activity in the body
Research regarding athletes using herbals as effective ergogenic aids
Is limited because much of what we know about the efficacy of herbal supplements is based on anecdotal data and poorly controlled studies
Which of the following statements about the use of hormones or drugs to gain body weight is true?
Anabolic/androgenic steroids may increase muscle mass and strength, but have been associated with medical problems, from the relatively minor acne to coronary heart disease
Which of the following is not a physiological effect of caffeine?
Decreases the metabolic rate
As a potential ergogenic aid, sodium bicarbonate would be most likely suited to which type of athlete?
400 meter run
Which of the following dietary supplements has the most research supporting its potential to help increase muscle mass and weight gain during a resistance-training program?
Creatine
Which of the following dietary supplements marketed to strength-trained individuals are precursors, or prohormones, for testosterone?
Androstenedione and DHEA
Caffeine may be classified as a
All of the above
Although research indicates caffeine may be an effective ergogenic aid for a variety of exercise endeavors, research is least supportive of its ergogenic effect on which of the following?
Muscular strength
Although caffeine is generally regarded to be a relatively safe drug when consumed in moderate amounts, research suggests one of the following may be a health risk associated with caffeine intake via coffee or tea.
Increased risk of high blood pressure
T/F
Ethyl alcohol is normally classified as a psychoactive drug or nutrient.
True
T/F
Alcohol has been effective as a means to improve performance due to its utilization as an energy source during exercise.
False
T/F
Laboratory research has shown that alcohol ingestion can damage DNA at levels as low as 1-2 drinks.
True
T/F
Consumption of 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women is unlikely to increase health risks.
True
T/F
The main reason to use sodium bicarbonate is to help buffer the lactic acid produced when the lactic acid energy system is utilized.
True
T/F
Testosterone has been shown to increase strength even without resistance training.
True
T/F
Individuals who desire to experiment with long-term ginseng supplementation should consult with their physicians because ginseng may exacerbate various health problems.
False
T/F
Numerous research studies with the dietary supplements DHEA and androstenedione
(andro) have shown these products are effective as a means to increase serum
testosterone levels and stimulate gains in muscle mass, strength and power.
True
T/F
Most studies indicate human growth hormone has been shown to have an ergogenic effect on muscle size, strength, and power in both young and older men.
False
T/F
Research suggests that alcohol activates the dopamine system, an important part of
the brain reward system, and the positive psychological effects may reinforce the desire
to continue to consume alcohol and lead to addiction.
True
T/F
Recent position stands by both the International Society of Sports Nutrition and the
American College of Sports Medicine conclude that caffeine supplementation may help
enhance aerobic endurance performance.
True
T/F
Use of caffeine supplementation in attempts to enhance sport performance is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency.
False
T/F
The caffeine content in energy drinks may vary tremendously, with some containing about 500 milligrams per serving.
True
