Chapter 13

Question 1

When one considers Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects, research indicates all but which of the following?

Answer 1

One to three beers or glasses of wine per day may help reduce emotional stress and will not affect the developing fetus

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of caffeine?

Answer 2

In conjuction with epinephrine, caffeine decreases the rate of muscle and liver glycogen breakdown.

Question 3

Regarding the effect of caffeine on exercise performance, a review of the available research suggests

Answer 3

Caffeine ingestion increases epinephrine levels during exercise and may exert a stimulating psychological effect

Question 4

Which of the following generalizations is acceptable when considering the impact of caffeine as a significant health risk?

Answer 4

Massive doses of caffeine may be fatal, while lesser amounts confer some possible health benefits

Question 5

Health problems associated with use of ephedra include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 5

Prolonged extreme elation

Question 6

Which of the following medical problems related to anabolic/androgenic steroids have NOT been documented in recent research reviews?

Answer 6

Increased bone growth in children and adolescents

Question 7

Supplements such as DHEA and Androstenedione are termed _____ because they are precursors for testosterone and are thus theorized to increase muscle mass and decrease body fat.

Answer 7

Prohormones

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the action of ginseng in the body?

Answer 8

It is believed to influence neural and hormonal activity in the body

Question 9

Research regarding athletes using herbals as effective ergogenic aids

Answer 9

Is limited because much of what we know about the efficacy of herbal supplements is based on anecdotal data and poorly controlled studies

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the use of hormones or drugs to gain body weight is true?

Answer 10

Anabolic/androgenic steroids may increase muscle mass and strength, but have been associated with medical problems, from the relatively minor acne to coronary heart disease

Question 11

Which of the following is not a physiological effect of caffeine?

Answer 11

Decreases the metabolic rate

Question 12

As a potential ergogenic aid, sodium bicarbonate would be most likely suited to which type of athlete?

Answer 12

400 meter run

Question 13

Which of the following dietary supplements has the most research supporting its potential to help increase muscle mass and weight gain during a resistance-training program?

Answer 13

Creatine

Question 14

Which of the following dietary supplements marketed to strength-trained individuals are precursors, or prohormones, for testosterone?

Answer 14

Androstenedione and DHEA

Question 15

Caffeine may be classified as a

Answer 15

All of the above

Question 16

Although research indicates caffeine may be an effective ergogenic aid for a variety of exercise endeavors, research is least supportive of its ergogenic effect on which of the following?

Answer 16

Muscular strength

Question 17

Although caffeine is generally regarded to be a relatively safe drug when consumed in moderate amounts, research suggests one of the following may be a health risk associated with caffeine intake via coffee or tea.

Answer 17

Increased risk of high blood pressure

Question 18

T/F

Ethyl alcohol is normally classified as a psychoactive drug or nutrient.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F

Alcohol has been effective as a means to improve performance due to its utilization as an energy source during exercise.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

T/F

Laboratory research has shown that alcohol ingestion can damage DNA at levels as low as 1-2 drinks.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F

Consumption of 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women is unlikely to increase health risks.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F

The main reason to use sodium bicarbonate is to help buffer the lactic acid produced when the lactic acid energy system is utilized.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T/F

Testosterone has been shown to increase strength even without resistance training.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

T/F

Individuals who desire to experiment with long-term ginseng supplementation should consult with their physicians because ginseng may exacerbate various health problems.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

T/F

Numerous research studies with the dietary supplements DHEA and androstenedione
(andro) have shown these products are effective as a means to increase serum
testosterone levels and stimulate gains in muscle mass, strength and power.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F

Most studies indicate human growth hormone has been shown to have an ergogenic effect on muscle size, strength, and power in both young and older men.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

T/F

Research suggests that alcohol activates the dopamine system, an important part of
the brain reward system, and the positive psychological effects may reinforce the desire
to continue to consume alcohol and lead to addiction.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F

Recent position stands by both the International Society of Sports Nutrition and the
American College of Sports Medicine conclude that caffeine supplementation may help
enhance aerobic endurance performance.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F

Use of caffeine supplementation in attempts to enhance sport performance is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

T/F

The caffeine content in energy drinks may vary tremendously, with some containing about 500 milligrams per serving.

Answer 30

True