Chapter 13

Question 1

N-Value

Answer 1

The number of individuals or objects in a population

Question 2

Data

Pl. Datum

Answer 2

Any type of information packaged in numerical form

Question 3

Census

Answer 3

The process of collecting data by going through every member of the population

Question 4

Survey/Poll

Answer 4

Collect data by acting questions only from some members of the population and use that data to draw conclusions and make inferences about the entire population

Question 5

Sample

Answer 5

The subgroup of the population that is chosen to provide the data

Question 6

Target population

Answer 6

The population for which the survey applies

Question 7

Sampling Frame

Answer 7

The actual subset of the population from which the sample will be drawn

Question 8

Selection Bias

Answer 8

When he choice of the sample has a built in tendency (whether intentional or not) to exclude a particular group or characteristic within the population

Question 9

Response Rate

Answer 9

The percentage of respondents out of the total sample

Question 10

Nonresponse Bias

Answer 10

When the response rate to a survey is low; only receive data from people with really strong opinions

Question 11

Convenience Sampling

Answer 11

The selection for which individuals ads in the sample is dictated by what is easiest or cheapest for the data collector

Question 12

Quota Sampling

Answer 12

A systematic effort to force the sample to be representative of a given population through the use of quotas

Question 13

Simple Random Sampling

Answer 13

Members of the population all have an equal chance of being the sample as any other group the same size

Question 14

Stratified Sampling

Answer 14

Break the sampling frame into categories, called strata, and then randomly choose a sample from these strata

Question 15

Statistic

Answer 15

Any kind of numerical information drawn from a sample

Question 16

Parameter

Answer 16

Any kind of numerical data drawn from the population

Question 17

Sampling Error

Answer 17

The difference between a parameter and a statistic used to estimate that parameter

Question 18

Chance Error

Answer 18

Sample can only give us approximate information about the population

Question 19

Sampling Variability

Answer 19

Different samples are likely to produce different statistics for the same population

Question 20

Sample Bias

Answer 20

Bias introduced by not getting a sample that is representative of the entire population

Question 21

Sampling Proportion

Answer 21

n/N

Sample Size/Population

Question 22

Capture-Recapture Method

Answer 22

Sample, Tag + Return
Recapture, Count Tagged Individuals
(n1 x n2)/k

Question 23

Clinical Study

Clinical Trial

Answer 23

Concerned with determining whether a single variable of treatment can cause a certain effect

Question 24

Confounding Variables

Answer 24

All other possible causes that could produce the same effect as the treatment

Question 25

Controlled Study

Answer 25

Subjects are divided into a treatment group and a controlled group

Question 26

Treatment Group

Answer 26

Consists of those subjects receiving the actual treatment

Question 27

Control Group

Answer 27

Consists of subjects that are not receiving any treatment

Question 28

Randomized Controlled Study

Answer 28

The subjects are assigned to the treatment group or the control group randomly

Question 29

Placebo

Answer 29

A harmless pill, an injection of saline solution, or any other fake type of treatment intended to look like the real treatment

Question 30

Blind Study

Answer 30

A study in which neither the members of the treatment group nor the members of the control group know to which of the two groups they belong

Question 31

Double-Blind Study

Answer 31

Study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists conducting the experiment know which subjects are in the treatment group and which are in the control group

Question 32

Population

Answer 32

The group of individuals or objects we want to make conclusions about