chapter 13

Question 1

what are the organisms that have been produced by selective breeding

Answer 1

dogs cats horses and potatoes

Question 2

who was the American botanist / may have been the greatest selective breeder of all time

Answer 2

Luther Burbank

Question 3

what are the risks of inbreeding?

Answer 3

cross between two individuals will bring together two recessive alleles to cause deformities

Question 4

why are biologists interested in preserving the diversity of plants and animals in the wild?

Answer 4

selective breeding would be nearly impossible without the wide variation that is found in natural population

Question 5

breeders can increase the genetic variation by including _____ which are the ultimate source of genetic energy?

Answer 5

mutations

Question 6

name two methods used by breeders to increase the rate of mutation?

Answer 6

using radiation // chemicals

Question 7

why are radiation and chemicals useful techniques for producing mutant bacteria?

Answer 7

the small size of bacteria unable millions of organisms to be treated at the same time so this increases the chances of producing a useful mutant

Question 8

what is true about polyploidy?

Answer 8

polyploid plants have many sets of chromosomes
polyploidy is usually fatal in animals
bananas and some citrus fruits are polyploidy

Question 9

making changes in the DNA code of a living organism

Answer 9

genetic engineering

Question 10

T/F making changes to the DNA code is similar to changing the code of a computer program

Answer 10

T

Question 11

scientists use their knowledge of the ______ of DNA And its ______ properties to study and change DNA molecules

Answer 11

structures and chemicals

Question 12

list four different techniques that molecular biologists to use to study and change DNA molecules

Answer 12

extract
cut
identify
make copies

Question 13

Explain how biologists get DNA out of the cell

Answer 13

cells open and DNA is separated from other cell parts

Question 14

identify DNA sequence enables researches to

Answer 14

study specific
compare genes
discover functions

Question 15

what occurs during transformation?

Answer 15

a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell- external DNA becomes part of the cells DNA

Question 16

give two reasons why a plasmid is useful for DNA transfer

Answer 16

DNA Sequence that helps promote plasmid replication

has a genetic marker

Question 17

Describe what occurs in a successful transformation of cells

Answer 17

the recombinant DNA is integrated into one of the chromosomes of the cell

Question 18

how do scientists know that plants and animals share the same basic mechanisms of gene expression?

Answer 18

a gene for luciferase also works perfectly in a plant

Question 19

what is a transgenic organism?

Answer 19

contains genes from other organisms

Question 20

describe how to make a transgenic organism

Answer 20

the human forms of proteins such as insulin growth hormone and clothing factor which are used to treat serious human diseases and conditions

Question 21

genetic engineering has spurred the growth of ________ a new industry that is changing the way we interact with the living world

Answer 21

biotechnology

Question 22

what is true about transgenic microorganism?

Answer 22

transgenic bacteria produce human proteins cheaply and I’m great abundance
people w insulin-dependent diabetes are now treated with pure human insulin
in the future transgenic organisms may produce the raw materials for plastics

Question 23

list four ways in which transgenic animals have been used

Answer 23

study genes
improve food supply
study effects of diseases on the human immune system
produce human protein

Question 24

allowing only these animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation

Answer 24

selective breeding