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Micro > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriophage/phage

A

Virus that infects bacteria

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2
Q

Virion

A

Viral particle,nucleic acid surrounded by protein coat

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3
Q

Capsid

A

Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid of virion

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4
Q

Icosahedral

A

Virus appears round, actual triangular soccer ball

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5
Q

Helical

A

Cylindrival

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6
Q

Complex

A

Intricate structure, phages most common

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7
Q

Enteric

A

Fecal-oral

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8
Q

Respiratory

A

Respiratory or salivary route

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9
Q

Zoonotic

A

Vector ( bugs, mosquitos ) and animal to human direct

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10
Q

Sexually transmitted

A

Sexual contact

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11
Q

Lytic/virulent phages

A

Exit host at end of infection cycle by lysing cell. Forms new virus particles and called productive infections

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12
Q

Attachment

A

Phage attaches to specific receptors on cell wall

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13
Q

Genome entry

A

Tail contracts and phage DNA is injected, phage coat stays outside

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14
Q

Synthesis

A

Phage genome transcribed, phage proteins synthed, phage DNA replicated, virion components made, host DNA degraded

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15
Q

Assembly

A

Phage components assembled into mature virion

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16
Q

Release

A

Bacterial cell lyses, new infectious virions released

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17
Q

Burst Size

A

of phage particles released

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18
Q

Lytic Infection

A

Also called productive infections, release new virion particles during release phase by causing cell to lyse.

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19
Q

Lysogenic Infection

A

Phage incorporates own DNA into host cell genome

20
Q

Temperate Phage

A

Directs a lytic infection or incorporates own DNA into host cell genome

21
Q

Lysogenic infection

A

Phage incorporates own DNA into gen ome of host cell

22
Q

Lysogen

A

Infected cell

23
Q

Prophage

A

Incorporated Phage dna, can remain indefinitely or be excised by phage encoded enzyme

24
Q

Lysogenic Conversion

A

Change in phenotype of lysogen as a consequence of specific prophage it carries

25
Q

Filamenrous Phage

A

Cause productive infections but don’t kill host cells. Host cells grow more slowly.

26
Q

Specialized Transduction 1

A

Temperate Phage injects DNA into bacterial host

27
Q

Specialized Transduction 2

A

Phage DNA integrates into host cell DNA to become prophage

28
Q

Specialized Transduction 3

A

Prophage excised from bacterial chromosome and mistake is made, some bacterial DNA is taken and piece of phage DNA left behind

29
Q

Specialized Transduction 4

A

Replication/assembly produce defective phage particles that carry certain bacterial DNA instead of some phage dna

30
Q

Specialized Transduction 5

A

DNA of defective phage injected into new host but can’t cause productive infection

31
Q

Specialized Transduction 6

A

Bacterial DNA integrates into host genome via hologous recombination, can now be replicated with host DNA.

32
Q

Restriction modification systems

A

Protect bacteria from phage infection by quickly degrading incoming foreign dna.

33
Q

Restriction enzymes (many different types)

A

Recognizes short nucleotide sequences and cuts dna molecule at those specific sequences.

34
Q

Modification enzymes (many types)

A

Protects host cell DNA from action if restriction enzymes by adding methyl groups to nucleobases recognized by restriction enzymes, making unrecognizable

35
Q

Plaque assays

A

Used to quantitate phage particles in samples

36
Q

Plaques

A

Circular zones of clearing

37
Q

Reverse transcriptase

A

Synthesizes dna from rna template

38
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

39
Q

Acute infections

A

Sudden onset symptoms, short duration

40
Q

Persistent infections

A

Can continue for years, up to life of host, with or w/o symptoms

41
Q

Chronic infections

A

Continuous production of low levels of viral particles

42
Q

Provirus

A

virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell

43
Q

Cytopat ic effect

A

Distinct morphological alterations in infected cells

44
Q

Inclusion body

A

Site of viral replication

45
Q

Viroid

A

Single stranded rna molecule that varies in size and forms a closed ring, so far only infect plants

46
Q

Prions

A

All protein, accumulate in neural tissue, essentially misfolded proteins. Infectious and non infectious.

Micro (5 decks)

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