Chapter 13

Question 1

How do you convert from celcius to kelvin?

Answer 1

add 273

Question 2

What is absolute 0?

Answer 2

0K or -273*C. Where all particles have the minimum possible kinetic energy

Question 3

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 3

At a constant temperature, the pressure p and volume V of a gas are inversely proportional. pV=constant. True for ideal gases

Question 4

What is Charles’ Law?

Answer 4

At constant pressure, the volume V of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperatre. V/T=constant. True for ideal gases

Question 5

What is the pressure law?

Answer 5

At constant volume, the pressure p of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. p/T is constant. True for ideal gases

Question 6

What is the ideal gas equation for moles of gas?

Answer 6

pV=nRT, where p is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is molar gas constant (8.31J/mol/K) and T is temperature in kelvin

Question 7

What is the Boltzmann’s constant?

Answer 7

The gas constant for one particle of gas. k=R/N(a)=1.38x10^-23

Question 8

What is the equation of state of an ideal gas?

Answer 8

pV=NkT, where p is pressure, V is volume, N is number of particles, k is Boltzmann’s constant and T is temperature in kelvin

Question 9

What is the equation from the kinetic theory of a gas?

Answer 9

pV=1/3 Nmc^2, where p is pressure, V is volume, N is number of particles, m is mass of an individual particle and c^2 should have a bar over it and is the mean square speed: the average of all the speeds squared.

Question 10

What is the rms speed?

Answer 10

The root mean square speed. The square root of the mean square speed, which is the speed of all the particles squared, and then averaged.

Question 11

What are the 7 simplifying assumptions in the kinetic theory model?

Answer 11

1) Gas contains a large number of particles
2) The particles move rapidly and randomly
3) The motion of the particles follows Newton’s laws
4) Collisions between particles themselves or at the walls of the container are, on average, perfectly elastic
5) There are no attractive forces between particles
6) Any forces that act during collisions are instantaneous
7) Particles have a negligible volume compared with the volume of the container
If does all these things, it is an ideal gas

Question 12

When do real gases behave like ideal gases?

Answer 12

When the pressure isn’t too big and the temperature is reasonably high, compared with their boiling points

Question 13

What is specific thermal capacity?

Answer 13

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K

Question 14

Describe the speed distribution of gas particles

Answer 14

Particles don’t all travel at the same speed. Goes up to peak at modal speed, then plateauing to axis. As temperature changes, the area under the graph is constant, but peak moves to right and downwards

Question 15

What is the internal energy of a substance?

Answer 15

The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles within.

Question 16

How do you calculate the internal energy of a sample of an ideal, monatomic gas?

Answer 16

U = N/2 mc^2 = 3/2 nRT = 3/2 NkT, where m is mass, c^2 should have a bar and is mean square speed, n is number of moles, R is molar gas constant, N is number of particles, k is Boltzmann’s constant and T is temperature.

Question 17

How do you calculate the energy of a gas particle in a sample of gas?

Answer 17

E=kT (it is of the order of this)

Question 18

How can you estimate the rms speed of a gas molecule?

Answer 18

1/2 mc^2 = 3/2 kT

Question 19

How can the internal energy of a material be changed?

Answer 19

By doing work or by thermal transfer of energy. change in internal energy, delta U = W + Q

Question 20

What is unusual about water?

Answer 20

Has a very high specific thermal capacity. Means oceans regulate global temperature as they heat up and cool down slowly