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Biology Exam 3 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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0
Q

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants

A

Clone the plant

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1
Q

Which of the following defines a genome

A

The complete set of an organisms genes and other DNA sequences

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2
Q

Asexual reproduction occurs during

A

Mitosis

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3
Q

Quaking aspen can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction sexual reproduction is not a common but when it does happen the haploid gamers have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cell of the underground stems

A

38

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4
Q

Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs asexual reproduction

A

In sexual reproduction individuals transmit half of their nuclear gene to each of their offspring

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5
Q

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographs in the preparation of karyotype

A

Metaphase

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6
Q

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n=16

A

Each diploid cell has 8 homologous pairs

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7
Q

Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Which do all sexual life cycles have in common

  1. Alternation of generations
  2. meiosis
  3. fertilization
  4. gametes
  5. spores
A

2,3,&4

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8
Q

In a plants sexual life cycle

A

Gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis

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9
Q

Which is an example of alteration of generations

A

A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces by meiosis a spot that gives rise to a multicellular haploid pollen grain (gametophyte )

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10
Q

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype therefore we can conclude that it Must

A

Have gametes with 23 chromosomes

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11
Q

A triploid cell contains sets of 3 homologous chromosomes.if a cell of a usually diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid this cell would be expected to have which of the following

A

63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3

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12
Q

Which of the following might result in a human zygote with 45 chromosomes

A

An error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase

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13
Q

In a human karyotype chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs of we choose one of these pairs such as pair 14 which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common

A

Length centromere position staining pattern and traits coded for by their genes

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14
Q

Which of the following life cycles is typical for animals

A

1

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15
Q

Which is typical for plants and some algae

A

3

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16
Q

Which of the following is for fungi and some protist

A

2

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17
Q

In a life cycle such of that shown in part 3 of the zygotes chromosome number is 10 which of the following will be true

A

The sporophytes chromosomes number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte is 5

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18
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Carry information for the same traits

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19
Q

If meiosis produces haploid cells how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state

A

Fertilization

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20
Q

The human X and Y chromosomes

A

Include genes that determine an individual’s sex

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21
Q

Which of These is a karyotype

A

Organized images of a cells chromosomes

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22
Q

If a cell has complete meiosis 1 and is just beginning meiosis 2 which of the following is an appropriate description of it content

A

It has half the amount of Dna as the cell that began meiosis

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23
Q

The somatic cells of a private shrub each contain 46 chromosomes how do privet chromosomes differ from the chromosomes of human who also have 46

A

Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those on humans

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24
Q

After telophase 1 of meiosis the chromosomal make up of each daughter cell is

A

Haploid and the chromosomes are each composed of 2 chromatids

25
Q

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis 1. They have…

A

Half the number of chromosomes and 1/4 the amount of DNA

26
Q

Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis 1

A

Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other

27
Q

Sister chromatids separate from each other during

A

Mitosis and meiosis 1

28
Q

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis

A

Synopsis of chromosomes

29
Q

When we first see chiasmata under a microscope we know that

A

Prophase 1 is occurring

30
Q

Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle

A

2

31
Q

Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate

A

7

32
Q

Which diagram represents anaphase 1 of meiosis

A

1

33
Q

Which diagram represent anaphase 2 of meiosis

A

5

34
Q

Which DNA sample might be from a nerve cell arrested in g0 of the cell cycle

A

1

35
Q

Which sample might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle

A

2

36
Q

Which sample might represent a zygote

A

1

37
Q

A certain females number 12 chromosomes both have the blue Genes and a number 19 chromosome both have the long genes.as cells in her ovaries undergo miosis her resulting eggs may have which of the following

A

One chromosome 12 with one blue Gene and one chromosome 19 with the one long gene

38
Q

If a female of the species has one chromosome 12 with a blue Gene and another chromosome 12 with the Orange gene and has both number 19 chromosomes with short genes she will produce which of the following egg types

A

One a half blue short and one half orange shorts Gene eggs

39
Q

A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long Gene chromosome and a maternal set compromised of one blue and one short gene chromosomes is expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis

A

Each egg has one for the chance of having either blue long blue short orange long or orange short combination

40
Q

Somatic cells of roundworms have for individual chromosomes Per cell how many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from roundworm

A

2

41
Q

Which of the following Can occur by the process of meiosis but not mitosis

A

Diploid cell form haploid cells

42
Q

In meiosis Homologus chromosomes are separated during

A

anaphase one

43
Q

What is the major difference between meiosis two and mitosis in a diploid animal

A

Meiosis occurs in a haploid cell while mitosis occurs in a diploid cell

44
Q

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis one in a diploid organism

A

Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and meiosis one

45
Q

Crossing over it normally takes place during which process

A

Meiosis one

46
Q

For the duration of meiosis one each chromosomes

A

Consist of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere

47
Q

Homologous pairs of chromosomes align opposite of each other at the equator of the cell during

A

Meiosis metaphase one

48
Q

Centromere split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles and meiosis

A

Anaphase two

49
Q

Quaking aspen can send out underground stems for asexual production sexual reproduction is not as common but when it does happen to haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes how many chromosomes are in the cell of underground stems

A

38

50
Q

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during

A

Meiosis 1

51
Q

For species with the haploid number of 23 chromosomes how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes

A

8 million

52
Q

Independent assortment of chromosomes as a result of

A

The random way each pair of homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate during meiosis one

53
Q

When homologous is chromosomes cross over what occurs

A

Corresponding segments of nonsister chromatids are exchanged

54
Q

How is natural selection related to sexual reproduction as opposed to a sexual reproduction

A

Sexual reproduction results and many new gene combinations some of which will lead to different reproduction

55
Q

The Diploid number of roundworm species is4. assuming there is no crossover and random segregation of Homologous during meiosis how many different possible combinations of chromosomes might there be in the offspring

A

16

56
Q

The bulldog aunt has a diploid number of two chromosomes therefore following meiosis each daughter cell will have a single chromosome . Diversity in the species may be generated by mutations and

A

Crossing over and independent assortment

57
Q

The fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment involves

A

Sexual reproduction

58
Q

Imagine that there are 25 different species of protist living in a tide pool some of the species reproduce both sexually and asexually and some of them can be produced only asexually the pool gradually becomes infested with disease causing viruses and bacteria which species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment

A

The sexually reproducing species

59
Q

In eukaryotes genetic information is passed to the next generation by process that involves mitosis or meiosis which of the explanations identified the correct process of supports the claim that her medical information is passed from one generation to another

A

In asexual reproduction a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes

60
Q

Genetic variation leads to genetic diversity in populations and is the wrong material for evolution biological systems have multiple processes such as reproduction that affect genetic variation they are evolutionarily conserved and shared by various organisms

Which statement best represents the connection between reproduction and evolution

A

Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because random mutations can be shuffled between organisms

Biology Exam 3 (2 decks)

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