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Chem 2 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Intermolecular forces

A

Attraction between solute and solvent molecules

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2
Q

Thermochemistry requirements for an endothermic reaction to occur

A

Difference of enthalpy of mixture must be close to delta H of solute and solvent combined

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3
Q

Saturated solution

A

When the solution’s rate of crystallization and dissolving are equal.

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4
Q

Unsaturated solution

A

Not yet reach the amount where crystallization will occur

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5
Q

Solubility

A

Maximum amount of substance that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature

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6
Q

Supersaturated solutions

A

Hold more solute in solvent than possible at a given temperature

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7
Q

Miscible

A

Liquids that equally mix in all portions

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8
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids that do not mix evenly

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9
Q

Colligative properties

A

Properties that depend on quantity not the identity of solute particles

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10
Q

How does vapor pressure affect solutions

A

because of Solute-solvent intermolecular attraction, higher concentration of nonvolatile solutes make it hard for solvent to vaporize

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11
Q

Volatile

A

Easily evaporate at normal temperature

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12
Q

Vapor pressure

A

Tendency for a substance to form into a gas

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13
Q

Raoult’s law

A

P(solution)=X(solvent)*P’solvent

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14
Q

Why does boiling point elevate

A

Because vapor pressure is lowered for solutions, it needs more heat to overcome atmospheric pressure

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15
Q

Why is freezing point lowered

A

Because boiling point is raised

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16
Q

Vant hoff factor

A

Number of particles a substance becomes when it dissolves

17
Q

Vant hoff factor equations

A

(D)T_b = T_b(solution) - T_b(solvent)= + iK_b m

(D)T_f = T_f(solution) - T_f(solvent)= - iK_f m

18
Q

Osmotic pressure equation

A

Pi= i(n/v)RT = iMRT

19
Q

What happens if 2 solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane have the same osmotic pressure

A

No net osmosis, isotonic

20
Q

Hypotonic

A

Low osmotic pressure solvent will leave this solution at a higher rate than it enters

21
Q

Hypertonic

A

Higher osmotic pressure, solvent will enter solution

22
Q

Colloids

A

Suspensions of particles larger than usual solutes but too small to be settled out by gravity

23
Q

Tyndall effect

A

Colloidal suspensions can scatter rays of light, while solutions can’t

24
Q

Emulsifier

A

Causes substance to dissolve in a solvent that can’t dissolve the substance

Chem 2 (3 decks)

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