Chapter 13 Flashcards
Define Marketing communications tools
Advertising, public relations, sales promotions, direct response marketing, event marketing and sponsorship, product placement, and branded entertainment, personal selling, online marketing, social media marketing, and mobile marketing
Define the promotional mix
The selection of promotional tools used to communicate with a target market
Define advertising
Paid form of media used for non-personal communication to consumers about an organization, good, service, or idea.
–> Advertising space is normally purchased, with the exception of some public service announcements
–> Non personal - advertising involves mass media which are non personal and do not have an immediate feedback loop available as does direct marketing or personal selling
–> advertising can be expensive
An advertising message usually focuses on what
on the key benefits of the product that are important to a prospective buyer in making trial and adoption decisions - the message depends on the general form or appeal used in the ad and the actual words included in the ad
Most advertising messages are made up of what two elements
- informational elements
- persuasive elements
–> these two elements are intertwined and go hand in hand
Information and persuasive content can be combined in the form of
an appeal - to provide a basic reason for the consumer to act
- ex. fear, sex, and humour
Fear appeals
These suggest to the consumer that he or she can avoid some negative experience through the purchase and use of a product or service, a change in behavior, or a reduction in the use of a product
ex. car safety ads that depict an accident of injury, political candidate endorsements that warn against the rise of other unpopular ideologies, or social cause ads warning of the serious consequences of drug and alcohol use
When using fear appeals advertisers must be careful to do what
they have to be sure that the appeal is strong enough tg et the audience’s attention ad concern but not so strong that it will lead them to tune out the message
ex. research suggests that overly threatening messages have a negative affect on the intention to adopt behavior. In fact, research on anti smoking ads indicates that stressing the severity of long term health risks may actually enhance smoking’s allure among youth
What does sex appeal suggest to the audience
That the product will increase the attractiveness of the user. Sex appeals can be found in almost any product category, from automobiles to toothpaste. –Although consumers are redefining what is acceptable use of sex appeals.
How does sex appeal compare to other appeals
- sex appeal generates a greater response than other appeals, and they increase attention by helping advertising stand out in today’s cluttered media environment
- unfortunately, sexual content does not always lead to changes in recall, recognition, or purchase intent
When is sexual content the most effective
when there is a strong fit between the use of sex appeal in the ad and the image and positioning of the brand
ex. Calvin Klein makes sense to use sec appeal since sex is inherently a major part of the brand
Describe humorous appeals
Imply either directly or subtly that the product is more fun or exciting than competitors offerings.
- The use of humor is widespread in advertising and can be found in many product categories
- advertisers believe that humor improves the effectiveness of their ads, although some studies suggest that humor wears out quickly, losing the interest of consumers
Media choice is an important decision for a marketer to make. Where is the majority of advertising spending currently focused
- Digital
- TV
- Audio
- Outdoor
- Newspapers
- Magazines
What has digital technology done for television
It now allows TV viewing to be flexible, whether this means watching it on the go on a smartphone or tablet, time shifting to watch it in a different time zone, or using a digital recording device to watch a program at a more convenient time
What is the current outlook on newspapers
- There has been significant change over the last few decades - decline in circulation rates and a concerted move to digital formats. Newspapers are also challenged with lower advertising revenues in this digital age where the news is accessible through multiple avenues
- newspapers are still important advertising mediums that are well recognized in the market for providing reliable information
What are the 3 types of newspapers
- daily paid circulation newspapers
- free daily newspapers
- free community newspapers
Define Search engine marketing (SEM)
Refers to a paid form of advertising that emerges after a search engine query
Define Search engine optimization (SEO)
Ensuring that websites are written, indexed, and coded so that they are highly rated and ranked by the search engines
Define pay per click advertising (PPC)
Ads that appear in response to keyword triggers on search engines, as well as on some websites, blogs, and social media sites, where the advertiser pays only when the ad is clicked
–> often referred to as search advertising because it primarily appears on search engines in the form of mini-text ads that are served during keyword searches on either the top or right hand side of the search page
Describe online display advertising
- online display advertising refers to the rectangular banners seen at the top, sides, and bottom of a web page
- these banners are either static or dynamic
- this technology allows advertising to be seen by the right user at the right time - at the right price
How is social media advertising delivered
The content is delivered using algorithms to the correct target market - thus increasing the efficiency of the advertising by ensuring people of interest are the ones that see the message.
Describe email marketing
- mix of direct and digital marketing
- issue: some consumers view it as spam and simply delete or unsubscribe from email lists
Describe magazines
- provide advertisers with a high quality media environment and provide an excellent opportunity for advertiser’s to match magazines to their target market profile
- magazines have adopted well to the online environment by providing added online content such as searchable databases, blogs, contests, and polls, as well as mobile versions that can be accessed on tablets and other mobile devices.
- as a result, almost half of all magazine readers are reading on a digital platform
Describe radio
- radio revenues have been declining
- even so, radio is still a highly sought advertising medium as consumers are usually captive audiences
- main characteristics of radio are that it is local and has a relatively low production cost making it affordable for both small and large advertisers
Define Out of Home (OOH) advertising
Casually referred to as outdoor reaches consumers outside the home in outdoor locations, in transit, or in commercial or business locations
- this media has experienced slight increases due to its particpation in IMC programs and the realization that this media cannot be turned off
ex. billboards, posters, bus shelter ads, transit ds, washroom ads, etc.
Describe mobile advertising
Refers to any advertising that is viewed on a mobile device such as a smartphone or a tablet
- mobile ads are most effective in increasing brand awareness and purchase consideration
What are three factors that must be considered when scheduling advertising
- Buyer turnover - how often new buyers enter the market to buy the product. The higher the buyer turnover, the greater the amount of advertising required
- Purchase frequency - the more frequently the product is purchased, the less repetition is required.
- Forgetting Rate - the speed with which buyers forget the brand if advertising is not seen
Most companies tend to follow one of what three basic approaches to setting schedules
- Continuous (steady) schedule - when seasonal facto are unimportant, advertising is run at a continuous or steady schedule throughout the year
- Flighting (intermittent) schedule - periods of advertising are scheduled between period of no advertising to reflect seasonal demand
- Pulse (burst) schedule - a flighting schedule is combined with a continuous schedule because of increases in demand, heavy periods of promotion, or introduction of a new product
A product like cereal would use what scheduling method for advertising
cereal as a stable demand throughout the year, therefore would probably use a continuous schedule of advertising
Products like snow skis and suntan lotions would use what scheduling method for advertising
these have seasonal demands and would receive flighting schedule advertising during the seasonal demand period
Products like toys or automobiles are likely to use what schedule method for advertising
These require pulse scheduling advertising to facilitate sales throughout the year and during special periods of increased demand (such as holidays or new car introductions)
Evidence has suggested which scheduling advertising is superior to others
puling schedules
- Also research indicates the effectiveness of a particular ad wears out quickly, therefore many alternative forms of commercial may be more effective
Define product placement
The inclusion of a product in a movie or TV program in return for payment
- Ikea paying to have its furniture featured in a scene of Deadpool
Define branded entertainment
The creation of an entertainment program, such as a TV episode, that is highly focused on a brand in exchange for payment
- the lego movie and super mario bros are examples of branded entertainment
Define sales promotion
A communications tool that provides short term incentives to generate interest in a product or cause and encourages purchase or support
What are the two basic kinds of sales promotions
- Consumer promotions
- Trade promotions
Define consumer proportions
Short term marketing tools used to encourage immediate consumer purchase.
- includes incentives such as coupons, premiums, contests, sweepstakes, samples, loyalty programs, rebates, bonus packs, and point of purchase material.
What has been one of Canada’s most successful consumer promotions for over 35 years
The McDonald’s Monopoly game
For mobiles sales promotional tools, what approaches can be used
- mobile messaging
- matrix 2D barcodes
- Proximity marketing approaches
Define mobile messaging comes in what 4 main forms
- Common short codes (CSC)
- Short messaging services (SMS)
- Multimedia messaging services (MMS)
- Email messaging,
Describe Common Short codes (CSC)
Dedicated short messaging codes of typically five to six digits that are used to trigger subscriptions, donations, alerts, or downloads, or to access promotional content
ex. BMO offering mobile alerts for any abnormal transactions on your bank account
ex. Charitable foundations using CSC programs to raise funds - person can text the word SUPPORT to a number and donate $10 - this amount is then added to their mobile phone bill
What guidelines must all CSC programs in Canada abide by
The Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association guidelines
Define Short messaging services (SMS) and multimedia messaging services (MMS)
- SMS = Standard text messaging that uses protocols of 160 characters per message
- MMS = Standard text messaging services that include audio, video, or images
–> These approaches allow marketers to send text messages or multimedia messages that contain graphics, video, or audio to an opted in customers mobile device
–> customers must opt in to these programs to recieve ongoing communication that might include text messages, alerts, etc.
Define mobile email
Email sent and or received using a mobile device
- Email marketing communications can be deployed by using email service providers that provide analytics on open rates, forward rates, bounce rates, and click
Define Matrix 2D barcodes
Two dimensional response code that, when scanned by a mobile barcode reader or app, provides additional information, launches websites, prompts downloads, sends text messages, or deploys messages
ex. QR code
Define proximity marketing
The local distribution of marketing content to mobile devices that have opted in at a specific geolocation
ex. a shopping mall may use proximity marketing to provide mobile coupons to shoppers who are using its free wi-fi network
ex. A local coffee shop may use Bluetooth tech. to invite people in the immediate vicinity to come in and try a new coffee
Proximity marketing can be implemented using what technologies
- Bluetooth
- Near field communications (NFC)
- Geofencing
- Wi-fi
–> also mobile check in services and mobile discovery apps
Define Near field communications (NFC)
two way radio communications between smartphones and smartphone type devices that can transfer images and documents, or handle monetary transaction when the two devices touch or are within a few inches of each other
- you cannot send push notifications with NFC and it has a short range
- ex. android pay on the phone
- these are used at events and conferences where NFC enabled mobile devices can tap a centrally located hotspot to download complementary white papers, research studies, or speaker information
Describe geofencing
Uses global positioning system (gps) to trigger an event to happen when a device enters a certain geographic area