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psyc term > chapter 13 > Flashcards

chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Prejudice

A

Drawing negative conclusions prior to evaluating the evidence

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2
Q

OBEDIENCE

A

Adherence to orders from those of higher authority

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3
Q

Size of majority

A

Only up to five or six people

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4
Q

Door-in-the-face

A

starts big then backs off (works equally well as foot-in the-door)

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5
Q

Self-perception theory

A

we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviours

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6
Q

Dual Processes Model

A

Two pathways to persuading others

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7
Q

Altruism

A

Helping others for unselfish reasons

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8
Q

Belief:

A

conclusion regarding factual evidence

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9
Q

Explicit prejudice

A

Feelings we are aware of

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10
Q

ultimate attribution error

A

attributing negative behaviour of some group entirely to their disposition

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11
Q

Primary appraisal

A

initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful

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12
Q

BYSTANDER NONINTERVENTION

A

When people see someone in need but fail to help them

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13
Q

unanimity

A

in complete agreement

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14
Q

Just-world hypothesis

A

implies that we have a need to see the world as fair, even if not

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15
Q

Collective delusions

A

UFO outbreaks

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16
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

an unpleasant state of tension between two opposing thoughts

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17
Q

Difference in Wrong Answer

A

Lower conformity if only one other person differed from the majority

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18
Q

Low-ball technique

A

starts with a low price, then “adds-on “ all the desirable options

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19
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others

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20
Q

exhaustion (GAS)

A

Third stage of GAS. Depleted resources, susceptible to disease.

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21
Q

Attitude

A

a belief that includes an emotional component

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22
Q

MOBS

A

Makes us more likely to conform to whatever norms (good or bad) are present in the situation

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23
Q

CONFORMITY

A

The tendency to alter our behaviour as a result of group pressure.

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24
Q

hardy

A

change = challenge

25
Q

Mass hysteria

A

A contagious outbreak of irrational behaviour that spreads

26
Q

Foot-in-the-door

A

starts with small request and moves to a larger one

27
Q

DISCRIMINATION

A

The act of treating members of out-groups differently from members of ingroups

28
Q

alarm (GAS)

A

First stage of GAS. Body preparing rapidly to respond to threat.

29
Q

BYSTANDER EFFECT

A

The percentage helping when in groups lower than the percentage helping when alone

30
Q

Pluralistic ignorance

A

error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do

31
Q

STANFORD PRISON STUDY

A

just know prisoner guard, guards cruel had to stop after 6 days

32
Q

Recognition heuristic

A

a bias wherein humans place a higher value on something they recognize rather than something unfamiliar

33
Q

Need-to-belong theory:

A

biologically based need for interpersonal connections

34
Q

Social Psychology

A

Study of how people influence others’ behaviour, beliefs, and attitudes

35
Q

CULTS

A

Groups that exhibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause

36
Q

AGGRESSION

A

Behaviour intended to harm others verbally or physically

37
Q

Scapegoat hypothesis

A

arises from a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes

38
Q

Implicit prejudice

A

feelings we are unaware of

39
Q

THE MILGRAM PARADIGM

A

Experimental procedure devised by Stanley Milgram for measuring obedience rates.

40
Q

GROUP THINK

A

An emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking

41
Q

peripheral route

A

focuses on more surface aspects of the argument to persuade someone

42
Q

Impression management theory

A

we don’t change our attitudes, but report that we have for consistency

43
Q

central route

A

focuses on informational content to persuade someone

44
Q

Deindividuation

A

Tendency to engage in atypical behaviour when stripped of your usual identity

45
Q

Conformity

A

going along with others’ opinions

46
Q

Stress as a stimulus

A

measuring stress in terms of life changes (natural disasters)

47
Q

stress as a transaction

A

examines how people interpret and cope with stressful events

48
Q

Primary appraisal

A

initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful

49
Q

secondary appraisal

A

perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal

50
Q

Hassles

A

the daily annoyances of everyday life

51
Q

general adaption syndrome

A

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

52
Q

Resistance (GAS)

A

Second stage of GAS. Body adapts to high state of arousal as it tries to cope with the stressor.

53
Q

Behavioural control

A

taking action to reduce stress

54
Q

cognitive control

A

reappraising stressful events that cannot be avoided

55
Q

decisional control

A

ability to choose among alternative courses of action

56
Q

informational control

A

ability to acquire information about a stressful event

57
Q

emotional control

A

ability to suppress and express emotions

58
Q

flexible coping

A

ability to adjust coping strategies as the situation demands

psyc term (3 decks)

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