Chapter 13

Question 1

Henry Bessemer

Answer 1

Developed a new process for making steel from iron

Question 2

Alfred Nobel

Answer 2

Invented dynamite. A safer explosive

Question 3

Michael Faraday

Answer 3

Created first simple electric motor and first dynamo

Question 4

Dynamo

Answer 4

A machine that generates electricity

Question 5

Thomas Edison

Answer 5

Created the first electric lightbulb

Question 6

Interchangeable parts

Answer 6

identical components that could be used in place of one another

Question 7

Assembly line

Answer 7

Moving belt. Different people do different tasks

Question 8

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Answer 8

designed and flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, NC

Question 9

Guglielmo Marconi

Answer 9

Invented radio>allowed wireless communication over long distances

Question 10

Stock

Answer 10

Shares of their company. Sold to investors

Question 11

Corporations

Answer 11

Businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock

Question 12

Cartel

Answer 12

A group of corporations that would join.>an association to fix prices

Question 13

Germ Theory

Answer 13

Theory that certain microbes might cause specific infectious diseases

Question 14

Louis Pasteur

Answer 14

French Chemist who showed a clear link between microbes and disease. Developed vaccines against rabies and anthrax. Also discovered pasteurization that killed disease-carrying microbes in milk

Question 15

Robert Koch

Answer 15

German doctor who identified the bacteria that caused tuberculosis

Question 16

Florence Nightingale

Answer 16

insisted on better hygiene in field hospitals. Also founded first school of nursing

Question 17

Joseph Lister

Answer 17

Discovered how antiseptics prevented infection. Insisted that surgeons sterilize their instruments and wash their hands before operating

Question 18

Urban renewal

Answer 18

Rebuilding of the poor areas of a city

Question 19

Mutual societies

Answer 19

Self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers

Question 20

Industrial revolution

Answer 20

Rapid development of industry. Ex: Factories

Question 21

Anesthetic

Answer 21

Pain-preventing drug for surgery

Question 22

Enclosure

Answer 22

Process of taking over and combining lands formerly shared by peasant farmers

Question 23

James Watt

Answer 23

Made new improvements on the engine to make more efficient

Question 24

Capital

Answer 24

Money used to invest in enterprises

Question 25

Enterprise

Answer 25

A business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories

Question 26

entrepreneur

Answer 26

A business owner

Question 27

Eli Whitney

Answer 27

Invented cotton gin: separated seeds from raw cotton at fast pace

Question 28

Turnpikes

Answer 28

Private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travelers a toll, or a fee to use

Question 29

Smelt

Answer 29

To separate iron from its ore

Question 30

Putting out system

Answer 30

Raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes