Chapter 13 Flashcards
Gases
Contain particles that are far apart, in random motion, and independent of one another
Solids
Contain particles very close in space - rigid
Liquids
Contain intermediate properties between gases and solids
- Particles = close to one another
- Indefinite shape
- Definite volume
- Significant IMF’s
- Negligible compressibility
Surface Tension
the resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area
Capillary Action
the spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube
Cohesive CA
attractive forces within the liquid
Adhesive CA
attraction between the liquid and the wall
Evaporization/Vaporization
the escape of molecules from the liquid to the gas or vapor state
Vapor Pressure
the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase, in a closed container @ a given temperature
Volatile Liquids
- Have very weak attractive forces between molecules
- evaporate very quickly @ ambient temperature = higher vapor pressure
Boiling Point
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure above the liquid
Freezing/Melting Point
the temperature at which the solid phase of a substance is in equilibrium with its liquid
Intermolecular Forces
attractive forces between molecules
- allow for formation of liquids and solids
- the degree of intermolecular forces correlates with a compound’s physical properties
Dipole-Dipole Attraction
molecules with dipole movements can attract each other by lining up so the (+) and (-) ends are as close as possible
- when polar molecules are put together, they will align to permit interaction between oppositely polarized portions of the molecules
Hydrogen-Bonding
a particularly strong dipole-dipole force that occurs between molecules in which hydrogen is covalently bound to a small, highly electronegative atom (F,O,N)
