Chapter 13

Question 1

Which of the following was one of the ways in which the collectivization of agriculture in China differed from that of the Soviet Union?
A) Soviet peasants played a key role in the process
B) The process in China was generally more peaceful
C) The Soviet Union was home to “people’s communes.”
D) The Chinese Communist Party played only a marginal role

Answer 1

B) The process in China was generally more peaceful

Question 2

Which of the following describes relations among those countries controlled by communist parties?
A) They united in common opposition to global capitalism
B) Divisive conflict undermined any sense of communist solidarity
C) They were a monolithic force firmly under soviet control
D) Peaceful and open cooperation strengthened the ties of friendship

Answer 2

B) Divisive conflict undermined any sense of communist solidarity

Question 3

Which of the following was created during the cold war, in part, to undermine the appeal ot European communist parties?
A) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B) The Marshall Plan
C) The European
Economic Community
D) The Warsaw Pact

Answer 3

B) The Marshall Plan

Question 4

What effect did the Soviet policy of glasnost have on the communist countries in Eastern Europe?
A) It suppressed anticommunist movements and confirmed communism as the dominant ideology
B) It deepened widespread feelings of political apathy and public cynicism
C) It sparked demonstrations that toppled the communist states in Eastern Europe
D) It granted Eastern European states greater autonomy from
Soviet control

Answer 4

C) It sparked
demonstrations that toppled the communist states in
Eastern Europe

Question 5

Which of the following countries was an arena for a hot war between
Soviet-backed
communist forces and U.S.-backed resistance forces?
A) Afghanistan
B) Japan
C) Cambodia
D) Yugoslavia

Answer 5

A) Afghanistan (not entirely sure)

Question 6

Which of the following was the initial arena for the cold war?
A) Western Europe
B) The Middle East
C) Cuba
D) Eastern Europe

Answer 6

D) Eastern Europe

Question 7

Which of the following was the first step in the end of the communist era?
A) The death of Mao Zedong in China
B) The withdrawal of the Soviet Union from
Afghanistan
C) Mikhail Gorbachev’s rise to power in the Soviet Union
D) The “miracle year” in Eastern Europe

Answer 7

A) The death of Mao Zedong in China

Question 8

Which of the following contributed to the failure of Soviet reforms to strengthen socialism and revive a stagnant economy?
A) The government adamantly refused to abandon communist economic policies
B) The Soviet Communist Party would not relinquish its political monopoly or promote democracy
C) The planned economy was dismantled before a functioning market-based system could emerge
D) The combination of nationalism, consumerism, and tradition created a strange and troubled hybrid

Answer 8

C) The planned economy was dismantled before a functioning market-based system could emerge

Question 9

Which of the following led to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s?
A) Disapproval of the radical land reforms that had been instituted
B) The attempted liberation of Afghan women
C) Fear that communism was about to collapse in that country
D) The desire to spread communism to that country

Answer 9

C) Fear that
communism was about to collapse in that country

Question 10

Which of the following marked the triumph of nation-states over the empires that had dominated political life during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
A) The failure of the Great Leap Forward
B) The process of decolonization
C) The formation of the Indian National Congress
D) The collapse of NATO

Answer 10

B) The process of decolonization

Question 11

[MAP] Refer to Map 13.2 in the textbook.
Which of these countries belonged to neither NATO nor the Warsaw Pact?
A) Portugal
B) Ireland
C) Czechoslovakia
D) Norway

Answer 11

B) Ireland

Question 12

Why did the Soviet Union secretly deploy nuclear-tipped missiles to Cuba in the early 1960s?
A) Fidel Castro wanted to build a nuclear arsenal for
Cuba
B) It was hoping to prompt nuclear war against the United States
C) It was preparing for the coming invasion at the Bay of Pigs
D) It believed the missiles would deter U.S. action against Cuban leader Fidel
Castro

Answer 12

D) It believed the missiles would deter
U.S. action against Cuban leader Fidel
Castro

Question 13

What was the result of the reforms instituted under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in China in the 1980s?
A) Rapid economic growth based on capitalist models
B) Economic stagnation, social upheaval, and famine
C) A competitive multiparty electoral system
D) The collapse of the Chinese Communist Party

Answer 13

A) Rapid economic growth based on capitalist models

Question 14

The communist movement in China primarily drew its support from which of the following?
A) The middle class
B) The elite
C) Rural areas
D) Urban areas

Answer 14

C) Rural areas

Question 15

Which of the following was a consequence of Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms in China?
A) Large-scale migration to the countryside
B) Massive corruption
C) Periodic deflation
D) Decrease in crime

Answer 15

A) Large-scale migration to the countryside

Question 16

[MAP] According to Map 13.3, by which year had France lost possession of most of its African colonies?
A) 1962
B) 1958
C) 1960
D) 1956

Answer 16

C) 1960

Question 17

In what way did Mikhail Gorbachev’s economic plan parallel that of Deng Xiaoping?
A) State enterprises were freed from government regulation
B) Both resulted in economic stagnation
C) Far-reaching intellectual freedoms were granted under both plans
D) Business cooperatives were outlawed under each plan

Answer 17

A) State enterprises were freed from government regulation

Question 18

Which of the following was a feature of both Soviet and Chinese reforms in the 1980s and 1990s?
A) Granting independence to labor unions and political parties
B) Introducing ration coupons to control the black market
C) Promoting democracy through competitive elections
D) Welcoming foreign investment in joint enterprises

Answer 18

D) Welcoming foreign investment in joint enterprises

Question 19

How did the cold war affect countries emerging from colonial rule in the second half of the twentieth century?
A)They found themselves being used as pawns in the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union
B) The majority found themselves unable to escape from the military-backed Soviet sphere of influence
C) Both the United States and the Soviet Union gave them military and economic aid in the hope of gaining their support
D) The majority of them were absorbed into a large voluntary American sphere of influence

Answer 19

C) Both the United States and the Soviet Union gave them military and economic aid in the hope of gaining their support

Question 20

Which of the following made modernization more difficult in China than in Russia?
A) The abundance of fertile land in China
B) The larger population in China
C) The Chinese Communist Party’s lack of support in the countryside
D) The Chinese Communist Party’s lack of
administrative and governing experience

Answer 20

B) The larger population in China

Question 21

Which of the following refers to the military alliance that united the Soviet Union with Eastern European communist states against Western capitalist countries during the cold war?
A) North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
B) Treaty of Friendship
C) The Warsaw Pact
D) Communist International

Answer 21

C) The Warsaw Pact

Question 22

Some historians have argued that the collapse of the Soviet Union was ultimately caused by
A) Its failure to prop up the communist regime in Afghanistan during the late
1980s
B) The wakened state of communism in the western Hemisphere following the Cuban missile crisis
C) Its inability to effectively address the myriad social political issues that divided the nation
D) The unexpected consequences of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies to address internal problems

Answer 22

D) The unexpected consequences of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies to address internal problems

Question 23

In contrast to Russia, the communist revolution in China
A) Was completed within a year but collapsed in a decade
B) Faced weaker foe in its rival, the Kuomintang
C) Explicitly rejected the ideas of Karl Marx and
Lenin
D) Focused on building peasant support in the countryside

Answer 23

D) Focused on building peasant support in the countryside

Question 24

The spread of communism into which of the following made the cold war a truly global conflict?
A) The Middle East
B) Cuba
C) Africa
D) Asia

Answer 24

D) Asia

Question 25

What was the end result of Mao’s two great campaigns, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution?
A) China’s parity with the United States in terms of Industrial production
B) The death and ruin of tens of millions, and the widespread discrediting of communism
C) The rejection of Karl Marx’s ideas in favor of free market capitalism
D) The replacement of the Communist Party as the governing body in the country by the military

Answer 25

B) The death and ruin of tens of millions, and the widespread discrediting of communism

Question 26

[Short Answer]
a) Identify ONE way in which African states or societies changed as a result of the Cold War
b) Explain how ONE
African state was affected by the Cold War
c) Explain ONE way in which events in Africa affected the broader context of the Cold War

Answer 26

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Question 27

[Short Answer]
a) Identify ONE way in which Enlightenment ideas
changed political thought in Europe in the period after 1750
b) Explain ONE way in which Enlightenment ideas
represented a continuity with previous patterns of social thought in global history
c) Explain ONE way in which Enlightenment ideas influenced political
ideologies in Latin America, Asia, or Africa in the period circa 1800-2000

Answer 27

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