Chapter 13

Question 1

Clinical psychology

Answer 1

An area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.

Question 2

Psychotherapy

Answer 2

A nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems.

Question 3

Biological therapies

Answer 3

Also called biomedical therapies, treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning.

Question 4

Psychiatrist

Answer 4

Medical doctors who specialize in treating psychological disorders.

Question 5

Sociocultural therapy

Answer 5

Treatments that acknowledge the relationships, roles, and cultural contexts that characterize an individual’s life, often bringing them into the therapeutic context.

Question 6

Evidence-based practice

Answer 6

Integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics, culture, and preferences.

Question 7

Therapeutic alliance

Answer 7

The relationship between the therapist and client—an important element of successful psychotherapy.

Question 8

Psychodynamic therapies

Answer 8

Treatments that stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual’s problems.

Question 9

Psychoanalysis

Answer 9

Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s unconscious thoughts.

Question 10

Free association

Answer 10

A psychoanalytic technique that involves encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Question 11

Dream analysis

Answer 11

A psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person’s dreams.

Question 12

Transference

Answer 12

A client’s relating to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client’s life.

Question 13

Resistance

Answer 13

A client’s unconscious defense strategies that prevent the person from gaining insight into their psychological problems.

Question 14

Humanistic therapies

Answer 14

Treatments that uniquely emphasize people’s self-healing capacities and that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally.

Question 15

Client-centered therapy (Rogerian therapy or nondirective therapy)

Answer 15

A form of humanistic therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems.

Question 16

Reflective speech

Answer 16

A technique in which the therapist mirrors the client’s own feelings back to the client.

Question 17

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 17

The therapist constantly recognizes the inherent value of the client, providing a context for personal growth and self-acceptance.

Question 18

Empathy

Answer 18

The therapist strives to put themselves in the client’s shoes–to feel the emotions the client is feeling.

Question 19

Genuineness

Answer 19

The therapist is a real person in the relationship with the client, sharing feelings and not hiding behind a facade of objectivity.

Question 20

Behavior therapies

Answer 20

Treatments, based on behavioral and social cognitive theories, that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.

Question 21

Systematic desensitization

Answer 21

A behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations.

Question 22

Cognitive therapies

Answer 22

Treatments emphasizing that cognitions (thoughts) are the main source of psychological problems; therapies that attempt to change the individual’s feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions.

Question 23

Cognitions

Answer 23

Thoughts/ thinking

Question 24

Cognitive restructuring

Answer 24

a general concept for changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion.

Question 25

Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)

Answer 25

A therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with the goal of developing the client’s self-efficacy.

Question 26

Integrative therapy

Answer 26

Using a combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist’s judgment of which particular methods will provide the greatest benefit for the client.

Question 27

Biological therapies

Answer 27

treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning.

Question 28

Antianxiety drugs

Answer 28

Commonly known as tranquilizers, drugs that reduce anxiety by making individuals calmer and less excitable.

Question 29

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 29

Drugs that regulate mood.

Question 30

Lithium

Answer 30

The lightest of the solid elements in the periodic table of elements, widely used to treat bipolar disorder.

Question 31

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 31

Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in individuals with a severe psychological disorder, especially schizophrenia.

Question 32

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 32

Also called shock therapy, a treatment, sometimes used for depression, that sets off a seizure in the brain.

Question 33

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 33

uses a magnet rather than electrical current to affect the brain, and it has been approved by the food and drug administration as a treatment for people who have not responded to at least one antidepressant medication.

Question 34

Group therapy

Answer 34

A sociocultural approach to the treatment of psychological disorders that brings together individuals who share a particular psychological disorder in sessions that are typically led by a mental health professional.

Question 35

Family therapy

Answer 35

Group therapy with family members.

Question 36

Couples therapy

Answer 36

Similar to family therapy. Group therapy with couples.

Question 37

Self-help support groups

Answer 37

provide members with a sympathetic audience for social sharing and emotional release.

Question 38

Cross-cultural competence

Answer 38

A therapist’s assessment of their abilities to manage cultural issues in therapy and the client’s perception of those abilities.

Question 39

Alberta Banner Turner, Ph.D.

Answer 39

Alberta Banner Turner was an African American professor and psychologist, and a noted civil rights and women's rights activist in the field of psychology. She was born in Chicago in 1909, but her family moved to Columbus, Ohio when she was just an infant. In 1963, Dr. Turner was promoted to Director of Research in the Central Administrative Office of the Ohio Youth Commission. In addition, she served as a Psychologist at the Marysville Reformatory for Women and taught classes at OSU.