Chapter 13 Flashcards
Clinical psychology
An area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.
Psychotherapy
A nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems.
Biological therapies
Also called biomedical therapies, treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning.
Psychiatrist
Medical doctors who specialize in treating psychological disorders.
Sociocultural therapy
Treatments that acknowledge the relationships, roles, and cultural contexts that characterize an individual’s life, often bringing them into the therapeutic context.
Evidence-based practice
Integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics, culture, and preferences.
Therapeutic alliance
The relationship between the therapist and client—an important element of successful psychotherapy.
Psychodynamic therapies
Treatments that stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual’s problems.
Psychoanalysis
Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s unconscious thoughts.
Free association
A psychoanalytic technique that involves encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
Dream analysis
A psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person’s dreams.
Transference
A client’s relating to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client’s life.
Resistance
A client’s unconscious defense strategies that prevent the person from gaining insight into their psychological problems.
Humanistic therapies
Treatments that uniquely emphasize people’s self-healing capacities and that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally.
Client-centered therapy (Rogerian therapy or nondirective therapy)
A form of humanistic therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems.
Reflective speech
A technique in which the therapist mirrors the client’s own feelings back to the client.
Unconditional positive regard
The therapist constantly recognizes the inherent value of the client, providing a context for personal growth and self-acceptance.
Empathy
The therapist strives to put themselves in the client’s shoes–to feel the emotions the client is feeling.
Genuineness
The therapist is a real person in the relationship with the client, sharing feelings and not hiding behind a facade of objectivity.
Behavior therapies
Treatments, based on behavioral and social cognitive theories, that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.
Systematic desensitization
A behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations.
Cognitive therapies
Treatments emphasizing that cognitions (thoughts) are the main source of psychological problems; therapies that attempt to change the individual’s feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions.
Cognitions
Thoughts/ thinking
Cognitive restructuring
a general concept for changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion.
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
A therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with the goal of developing the client’s self-efficacy.
Integrative therapy
Using a combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist’s judgment of which particular methods will provide the greatest benefit for the client.
Biological therapies
treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning.
Antianxiety drugs
Commonly known as tranquilizers, drugs that reduce anxiety by making individuals calmer and less excitable.
Antidepressant drugs
Drugs that regulate mood.
Lithium
The lightest of the solid elements in the periodic table of elements, widely used to treat bipolar disorder.
Antipsychotic drugs
Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in individuals with a severe psychological disorder, especially schizophrenia.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Also called shock therapy, a treatment, sometimes used for depression, that sets off a seizure in the brain.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
uses a magnet rather than electrical current to affect the brain, and it has been approved by the food and drug administration as a treatment for people who have not responded to at least one antidepressant medication.
Group therapy
A sociocultural approach to the treatment of psychological disorders that brings together individuals who share a particular psychological disorder in sessions that are typically led by a mental health professional.
Family therapy
Group therapy with family members.
Couples therapy
Similar to family therapy. Group therapy with couples.
Self-help support groups
provide members with a sympathetic audience for social sharing and emotional release.
Cross-cultural competence
A therapist’s assessment of their abilities to manage cultural issues in therapy and the client’s perception of those abilities.
Alberta Banner Turner, Ph.D.
Alberta Banner Turner was an African American professor and psychologist, and a noted civil rights and women’s rights activist in the field of psychology. She was born in Chicago in 1909, but her family moved to Columbus, Ohio when she was just an infant. In 1963, Dr. Turner was promoted to Director of Research in the Central Administrative Office of the Ohio Youth Commission. In addition, she served as a Psychologist at the Marysville Reformatory for Women and taught classes at OSU.
