chapter 13 Flashcards by ashlyn nolan

what makes up the CNS?

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

provides interpretation and integration of sensation,consciousness and cognition

brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nerve cell bodies within the CNS “gray matter”

nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bundles of parallel axons within the CNS “white matter”

nerve tracts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

crossing over of nerve tracts

decussation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

majors regions of the brain (4)

cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

seat of consciousness,perception,thought, control of motor activity.

cerebrum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what controls muscle activity/posture in the cerebrum?

basal nuclei ganglia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

autonomic responses, emotion/mood in the cerebrum?

the limbic system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

inculdes thalamus(sensory relay center), subthalamus,(nerve tracts/nuclei) epithalamus(nuclei for olfaction and pineal gland) and hypothalamus(maintains homeostasis,endocrine system control)

diencephalon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

contains the medulla oblongata(contains vital centers, brain/spinal cord relay center), pons varoli(relay between cerebrum/cerebellum), and midbrain(visual and auditory reflex centers

brainstem

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

controls musclular cordination/tone

cerebellum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mixing of gray and white matter, occurs in brain stem-important in sleep/wake cycle

reticular formation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

receives visual, auditory and olfactory stimuli to maintain a state of wakefulness

reticular activation system (ras)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

connects brain with spinal cord

brainstem

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

enlargement on the anterior surface of medulla, contains descending (motor) nerve tracts for skeletal muscle control

pyramids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

contains vital centers:cardiac center(hr), Respiratory center, vasomotor center(bp), swallowing, vomiting, coughing and sneezing center

medulla

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nerve tracts experience a cross over. ex: left side of brain controls motor activity on right side of body and vice versa

Decussation of the pyramids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 oval structures, nuclei involved in balance, coordination, modulation of sound impulses from inner ear

olives

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cn IX, X, XI, & XII exit brain at this level

medulla

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

relay center between cerebrum and cerebellum, cn V,VI,VII,VIII,& IX nuclei are found here, contains sleep and respiratory centers

pons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tectum=roof

midbrain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 nuclei found in the midbrain

corpora quadrigemina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hearing reflex pathways

inferior colliculi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

visual reflexes- receives input from eye, inferior colliculi, skin and cerebrum; sends fibers to cn III, IV, AND VI (eyeball movers) and spinal cord region that innervated neck muscles) turn head/eye toward stimuli

superior colliculi

ascending tracts with paired red nuclei (unconscious regulation/coordination of motor activities)

tegmentum

descending tracts, major cns motor pathway

cerebral peduncles

nuclei contains melanin(interconnected with basal ganglia

substantia nigra

located between cerebrum and brainstem

diencephalon

sensory relay center, contains 2 lobes connected by the intermediate mass (where most sensory info is receives before relay to cerebrum)

thalamus

surrounds intermediate mass and separates lobes of thalamus

3rd ventricle

auditory impulses

mediate geniculate nucleus

visual impulses

lateral geniculate nucleus

basal nuclei and motor cortex

ventral anterior/lateral nuclei

limbic system and prefrontal cortex

anterior/medial nuclei

other sensory info

ventral posterior nucleus

cerebral cortex, regulates mood

lateral dorsal nucleus

other thalamic nuclei, sensory integration

lateral posterior nucleus

associated with maintenance of homeostasis

hypothalamus

connected the hypothalamus via __________ to __________

infundibulum to pituitary gland

name the autonomic functions that the hypothalamus regulates. (7)

1. HR, BP, GI tract movement, etc. 2.controls muscles involved in swallowing and shivering responses 3. temp regulation 4. regulation of food and water intake 5. regulation of sleep wake cycle 6. regulates emotions site of "mood altering" drug binding 7. receives input from visceral organs, taste receptors, limbic system, cutaneous areas associated with sexual arousal and prefrontal cortex (mood regulation)

provides emotional response to odor

mamillary bodies

nuclei associated with basal ganglia system-controls motor function

subthalamus

emotion and smell (visceral response to odor)

habenular nuclei

important in onset of puberty, may contain ca/mg salts=brain sand used as a land marking for x ray imaging (produces melatonin)

pineal gland

controls balance, gross and fine motor control. Promotes smooth, coordinated movements, consists of 2 lateral hemispheres with ridges folia and arbor vitae structure

cerebellum

flocculonodular lobe

balance and muscle tone

vermis

gross motor control and muscle tone

fine motor control- smooth/flowing movement

lateral hemisphere

what do field sobriety test assess?

cerebellar function

left and right hemisphere divided by a longitudinal fissure

cerebrum

fold of tissue increase surface area

gyrus

grooves between gyri

sulcus

which lobe controls voluntary motor function, motivation, mood, aggression

frontal lobe

central sulcus contains what two gyrus

precentral and postcentral gyrus

primary motor area

precentral gyrus

primary sensory area

post central gyrus

which lobes reception/evaluation of sensory input (except olfaction)

parietal lobe

which lobe contains visual centers

occipital lobe

which lobes receive olfactory and auditory input; plays a role in memory

temporal lobe

abstract thought and judgement

psychic cortex

deep within lateral fissures, may integrate other areas

insula

gray matter on outer surface of cerebrum

cortex

gray matter deep within cerebral hemisphere

nuclei

white matter found between cortex and nuclei of cerebrum

cerebral medulla

connected areas within the same hemisphere

association fibers

connect r/l hemispheres

commissures fibers

connect cerebrum with other brain regions

projection fibers

3 layers of protective ct

meninges

meninges layers

meninges layers- bone-epidural space (cord only)- dura mater- subdural space- arachnoid layer- subarachnoid space (with csf)- pia mater- CNS

protects and cushions brain/cord,circulates thru ventricles (brain) and central canal(cord) , csf leaves subarachnoid space through arachnoid granulations and return to blood

CSF

CSF- accumulation/blocked flow

hydrocephalus

cavities within brain lined by ependymal cells

ventricles

within r/l hemispheres, separated by septum pellucidum

lateral ventricle

associated with the diencephalon (csf passes through interventricular foramen into the ____ ventricle)

Third ventricle

narrow passage way between 3rd and 4th ventricles (where csf flows)

cerebral aqueduct

located between cerebellum and brainstem

4th ventricle

three brain protectors

CSF, Dura mater, cranium

how pairs of cranial nerves? How many functions do cranial nerves have?

12;4

special senses (vision, smell) , general senses (touch,Pain)

sensory

control of skeletal muscle through motor neurons

somatic motor

awareness of position

proprioception

involves regulation of smooth/cardiac muscle and glands

parasympathetic

sensory olfaction

I olfactory

sensory vision

II optic

motor innervates 4 extrinsic eye muscles (skeletal) and eye lid Parasympathetic- supplies iris (pupil diameter) and ciliary muscles(lens accomodation)of eye-both smooth muscles

III oculomotor

motor controls extrinsic eye muscle

IV trochlear

Largest of cranial nerves and contains 3 branches: opthalmic (sensory) maxillary(sensory) mandibular (both) sensory: transmit sensations from scalp,nose, upper eyelid(opthalmic); palate, jaw, upper jaw (maxillary); lower jaw(mandibular) motor- innervates muscles of mastication;palate,throat and middle ear muscles

V trigerminal

innervates lateral rectus eye muscles

VI abducens

Picks up sensory information from the anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate. -sends motor impulses to facial muscles -carries parasympathetic supply to salivary and lacrimal glands

VII facial

carries sensory information on hearing and equilibrium

VIII Vestibulocochlear (auditory)

receives taste sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue -supplies throat muscles -carries parasympathetic fibers to parotid salivary gland

IX glossopharyngeal

carrie sensory, motor and parasympathetic fiber to/from thoracic and abdominal viscera

X vagus

Supplies neck muscles EX: trapezius) and pharynx

XI Accessory

supplies tongue and throat muscles

XII Hypoglossal