Chapter 13

Question 1

Principles of Training

OVERLOAD

Answer 1

Training effect occurs when a system is exercised at a level beyond which it is normally accustomed

Question 2

Principles of Training

SPECIFICITY

Answer 2

Training effect is specific to:
●Muscle fibers involved
●Energy system involved (aerobic vs. anaerobic)
●Velocity of contraction
●Type of contraction (eccentric, concentric, isometric)

Question 3

Principles of Training

REVERSIBILITY

Answer 3

–Gains are lost when overload is removed

Question 4

Principles of Training 3

Answer 4

Overload
Specificity
Reversibility

Question 5

Training Adaptation

Answer 5

*Endurance and resistance exercise increase specific muscle proteins

–Exercise “stress” activates transcription

●Process of training-induced muscle adaptation

–Muscle contraction activates primary and secondary messengers
–Results in expression of genes and synthesis of proteins
●Peaks in 4–8 hours, back to baseline in 24 hours
●This is why daily exercise is needed

Question 6

●Training to increase VO2 max

Answer 6

–Large muscle groups, dynamic activity
–20–60 min, ≥3 times/week, ≥50% VO2 max

Question 7

●Expected increases in VO2 max

Answer 7

–Average = 15–20%
–2–3% in those with high initial VO2 max
●Requires intensity of >70% VO2 max
–Up to 50% in those with low initial VO2 max
●Training intensity of 40–50% VO2 max

Question 8

●Genetic predisposition

Answer 8

–Accounts for about 50% of VO2 max
–Prerequisite for very high VO2 max

Question 9

Calculation of VO2 max

Answer 9

Product of maximal cardiac output and arteriovenous difference

VO2MAX = HR max x SV(stroke volume)max x (a(arteriovenenous) -vO2) max

Question 10

Detraining of vo2max

Answer 10

After VO2MAX it takes 12 days to recover due to sv max

Question 11

Afferent and Efferent

Answer 11

Afferent Nuerons is sensation then towards cns

Efferent neuron is from cns decision to reaction away

Question 12

VO2MAX

Answer 12

Maximum oxygen consumption than individual can utilize during an intense exercise

Question 13

Components of VO2MAX

Answer 13

Lung capacity in heart, volume and capillary delivery

Question 14

What is a VO2MAX used for?

Answer 14

To determine cardio respiratory fitness, because the muscles need oxygen for prolonged aerobic exercise 

Question 15

Steroids are also called

Answer 15

corticosteroids they are an anti-inflammatory medicine used to treat a range of conditions

Question 16

Read chap 7 many times

Question 17

Sensory nervous system

Answer 17

It is the input
To text stimuli and transmits information from receptors to the CNS

From there there is somatic and visceral sensory somatic is when you consciously perceive something from ears, eyes or skin

Visceral is not consciously perceived from blood vessels or internal organs 

Question 18

Motor nervous system

Answer 18

It is the output

Initiate and transmit information from the scene us to effectors

There are two one is somatic motor, and the other one is autonomic motor

Somatic is voluntary control output from skeletal muscles

Autonomic is non-conscious or an involuntary effectors from cardiac or smooth muscle

Question 19

Glucocorticoids

Answer 19

Such as cortisol affect carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism

Question 20

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 20

Aldosterone are primarily involved in the regulation of electrolytes and water balance