Chapter 13 & 14: Part 2

Question 1

chloroplasts

Answer 1

• capture light energy and use it to produce ATP and NADH
• ATP and NADH convert CO2 to organic molecules (precursor for sugars); activated carriers
• contain light capturing pigment chlorophyll

Question 2

Name the two stages of Photosynthesis

Answer 2

Stage 1: Light Reaction
Stage 2: Light-Independent reactions

series if light driven reactions that creates organic molecules from atmospheric carbon dioxide; both stages here depend on chloroplast

Question 3

Stage 1: Light Reaction

Answer 3

• photosynthetic electron transfer reactions produce ATP and NADPH
• electrons are extracted from water and oxygen is released as a by-product
• occurs in thylakoid membrane

Question 4

Stage 2: Light Independent Reaction

Answer 4

• carbon dioxide assimilated (fixed) to produce sugars and a variety of other organic molecules
• begins inn chloroplast stroma and continues in cytosol

Question 5

thylakoid membrane

Answer 5

• third membrane of chloroplast
• contains electron transport chain, light-systems, and ATP synthase to convert light to ATP during photosynthesis

Question 6

thylakoids

Answer 6

• third membrane folded to form set of flattened disc-like sacs
• in stacks called grana/granum

Question 7

What does photosynthesis make?

Answer 7

• activated carriers, ATP and NADPH
• activated carriers supply energy to convert CO2 in to sugar

Question 8

Chlorophyll

Answer 8

• light absorbed by electrons in the bond network shown in blue
• hydrophobic tail holds chlrophyll in the membrane

Question 9

Chloroplast envelope

Answer 9

• highly permeable outer membrane and less permeable inner membrane
• (inner membrane surround stroma, which contains metabolic enzymes)

Question 10

Why are plants green?

Answer 10

• chlorophylls absorb light of blue and red wavelengths ( in one form of chlorophyll)
• in contrast, green light absorbed poorly by this pigment which is why a plant would appear to be green

Question 11

Photosystem I

Answer 11

• transfers high energy electrons to an enzyme that produces NADPH
• light energy captured
• high energy electron passed to a mobile electron carrier called ferredoxin
• FNR will be final protein in NAPDH production

Question 12

ferredoxin

Answer 12

• small protein that contains an iron-sulfur center
• carries electrons to ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR)

Question 13

FNR

Answer 13

• final protein in the electron transport chain that catalyzes the production of NADPH