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Procedures 3 > Chapter 13 - 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - 14 Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the radiographic examination of the soft tissue structures of joints after the injection of contrast media.

A

Contrast arthrography

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2
Q

Which type of contrast may be used for a contrast arthrography?

A

Radiopaque
Radiolucent
Or both

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3
Q

Contrast is injected into _____ joints for a contrast arthrography.

A

Synovial

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4
Q

What joint is most commonly used for an arthrogram?

A

Shoulder

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5
Q

Pneumoarthrography uses ____ contrast.

A

Air

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6
Q

For an arthrography, after contrast is injected, the radiologist manipulates the joint to

A

Distribute contrast

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7
Q

A shoulder arthrography is performed to examine

A

-partial or complete tears in rotator cuff of glenoid labrum
- persistent pain or weakness
-frozen shoulder

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8
Q

The common injection spot for a shoulder arthrography is

A

1/2in inferior and lateral to the Coracoid process

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9
Q

For a single contrast arthrogram, approximately ___to___ mL of _______ contrast medium is injected into the shoulder.

A

10 to 12 mL
Positive

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10
Q

How much contrast is used for a double contrast arthrogram?

A

3 to 4 mL of positive
10 to 12 mL of negative (air)

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11
Q

What projections are most commonly used for arthrogram of shoulder?

A

AP (internal and external rotation), 30 degree AP oblique, axillary, and tangential

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12
Q

Contrast arthrography of the knee by the vertical ray method requires the use of a

A

Stress device

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13
Q

Is the limb placed in the stress device before or after contrast is injected?

A

After

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14
Q

The horizontal ray method uses

A

Double contrast

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15
Q

The horizontal ray method demonstrates

A

Lateral meniscus

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16
Q

Hip arthrography is most often performed to

A

-evaluate congenital hip displacement in children
- detect loose hip prosthesis in adults
- confirm infection in adults

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17
Q

What joint can be evaluated by arthrography?

A

Any

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18
Q

The CNS is divided into 2 parts called

A

Brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

The outer portion of the brain is called

A

Cortex

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20
Q

The inner portion of the brain is

A

White matter

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21
Q

The brain consists of the

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

22
Q

The Brain stem consists of the

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

23
Q

The _______ is the largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

24
Q

The cerebrum is also known as the

A

Forebrain

25
Q

How many lobes are in the cerebrum?

A

4 (frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal)

26
Q

The stemlike portion that connects the cerebrum to the pins and cerebellum is called the

A

Midbrain

27
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata

28
Q

What divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal sulcus

29
Q

What is the large band of nerve fibers between the cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

30
Q

What makes up the largest part of the hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum

31
Q

The cerebellum is separated from the cerebrum by a

A

Deep transverse cleft

32
Q

The ______ which forms the upper part of the hindbrain, is the bridge between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.

A

Pons

33
Q

The ______ which extends between the pons and spinal cord, forms the lower portion of the hindbrain.

A

Medulla oblongata

34
Q

The ____ is a slender, elongated structure consisting of an inner gray, cellular substance, which has a butterfly shape on the transverse section and an outer white fibrous substance

A

Spinal cord

35
Q

The spinal cord extends from the

A

Brain to the L1 - L2 space

36
Q

The spinal cord ends in a pointed extremity call the

A

Conus medullaris

37
Q

In an adult, the spinal cord is ___-___ in long and is connected to ____ pairs of spinal nerves

A

18 -20
31

38
Q

_____ refers to spinal nerves

A

Cauda equina

39
Q

The brain and spinal cord are enclosed in 3 continuous protective membranes called

A

Meninges

40
Q

The inner sheath called the _____ is highly vascular and closely adherent to the underlying brain and cord structure.

A

Pia mater

41
Q

The delicate central sheath is call the

A

Arachnoid

42
Q

Wide space between the arachnoid and pia mater

A

Subarachnoid space

43
Q

The outer most sheath called the _____ forms the fibrous covering of the brain and cord.

A

Dura mater

44
Q

The dura mater is separated from arachnoid by

A

Subdural space

45
Q

The _____ system of the brain consists of 4 irregular, fluid-containing cavities.

A

Ventricular

46
Q

The 2 upper cavities of the ventricular system are called

A

Right and left lateral ventricles

47
Q

Tissue fluid of the brain and spinal cord that surrounds and cushions the CNS

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

48
Q

General term applied to the radiologic examination of the CNS structures in the vertebral canal

A

Myelography

49
Q

Myelopgraphy requires contrast introduction into the _____ space by spinal puncture

A

Subarachnoid

50
Q

The puncture for a myelography is made at

A

L2- L3 or L3 -L4 interspace
( may also be introduced in the thecal sac via a lateral C1-C2 puncture )

51
Q

How long is a patient held in recovery after a myelography procedure?

A

4 to 8 hours

52
Q

What is offer used instead of a myelography?

A

MRI

Procedures 3 (4 decks)

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