Chapter 13 Flashcards
Puritan supporters of Parliament, fighting the English Civil War from 1642-1649
Roundheads
English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658), As Lord Protector of England he used his army to control the government and constituted military dictatorship.
Oliver Cromwell
King of England who restored the monarchy after the English Civil War.
Charles II
Ultra-royalist in Parliament enacted a series of laws that excluded Roman Catholics and Presbyterians from religious and political life
Clarendon Code
Parliament passed this in response to Charles II’s declaration of indulgences; required all military members to swear an oath against transubstantiation.
Test Act
Dutch hereditary chief executive; A hereditary chief executor over provinces in Holland. Ex: William III of Orange (1650-1702)
Stadtholder
Turned to United Powers to establish a monarchical regime, death allowed republican forces to gain control
William III of Orange
A limited monarchy where the monarch is subject to the law and the consent of parliament
Parliamentary monarchy
Strong centralized monarchies, where the royal power is dominant
Political absolutism
Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed.
Dutch East Indies Company
the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625)
James I
Taxes passed by James I based on past customs duties known as tonnage and poundage
Impositions
Protestant sect in England hoping to “purify” the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.
Puritans
Conference where James I rebuffed the Puritans and firmly declared his intention to maintain the Anglican episcopacy.
Hampton Court Conference
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which he was defeated, tried for treason and beheaded in 1649
Charles I
Document prepared by Parliament and signed by King Charles I of England in 1628; No imprisonment without due cause; no taxes levied without Parliament’s consent; soldiers not housed in private homes; no martial law during peace time.
Petition of Right
Wanted to impose Anglican episcopacy system on Scotland and make people follow the “book of common prayer”. This started english civil war. Charles I supported him. Was executed for treason.
Archbishop William Laud
(1640) Scottish military revolt in 1640 occurred when Charles attempted to impose the English Prayer Book on Scottish Presbyterian Church-needed new taxes-Parliament reconvened-refusal of Petition of Right-disbanded after a month
Short Parliament
(1640-1648) desperate for money after Scottish invasion of northern England-Charles finally agreed to demands by Parliament: Parliament could not be dissolved w/o its own consent; had to meet a min. of once every 3 years; ship money abolished; leaders of persecution of Puritans to be tried and executed; Star Chamber abolished; common law courts supreme to king’s courts; refused funds to raise army to defeat Irish revolt-Puritans came to represent majority in Parliament
Long Parliament
Supporters of the King in the English Civil War
Cavaliers
In an attempt to unite the people behind the war with Holland, Charles II issues a declaration suspending all laws against Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants
Declaration of Indulgence
This was the Catholic king of England after Charles II that granted everyone religious freedom and even appointed Roman Catholics to positions in the army and government
James II
Bloodless overthrow of King James II that ended the Dominion and established William and Mary as the new leaders.
Glorious Revolution
King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
English Bill of Rights
Provided that the English crown would go to the German Hanovers if none of Queen Anne’s children survived
Act of Settlement
Dominated English politics from 1721 till 1742 based on his royal support, ability to handle the House of Commons and control over government patronage
Robert Walpole
Successor of Cardinal Richelieu and his bad attempts to increase royal revenue and the state lead to the Fronde
Cardinal Mazarin
Nobles revolted against Mazarin-Louis XIV. Louis is now determined to control nobles.
Fronde
“The Sun King”, King of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715)
Louis XIV
Local regional governing bodies to which Louis XIV gave considerable power
Parlements
A palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles
Versailles
Tutor of Louis XIV who taught about the divine right of the monarchy, which helped secure Louis’ ideal of absolute monarchy
Bishop Bossuet
“L’etat, c’est moi”
I am the State
French Minister of Finance under Louis XIV
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Religious order that came from the Roman Catholic Church opposed to the teachings of the Jesuits
Jansenism
As a result, Protestant churches and schools were closed, Protestant ministers exiled, Protestant laymen forced to be galley slaves, and Protestant children baptized by Catholic Priests.
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Caused by the death of the last Spanish Hapsburg and the succession of the grandson of Louis XIV and the Bourbon family to the Spanish throne in 1701; ended by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.
War of the Spanish Succession
Ended the War of Spanish Succession; Philip was recognized as king of Spain but had to renounce any claim to the French throne. Spain surrendered its territories in Italy and the Netherlands to the Austrians and Gibraltar to the British; France gave possessions in North America to Britain.
Peace of Utrecht
Louis XV’s regent during his minority, reinstituted power of Parlements and let John Law in charge of finances which led to the Mississippi Bubble.
Duke of Orleans
Financial manager of the kingdom, Developed the Mississippi Bubble for France
John Law
Charles VI legal basis for a single line of inheritance within the Hapsburg dynasty putting his daughter Maria Theresa in charge
Pragmatic Sanction
The Austrian empress who limited nobles’ power, made peasant labor reforms, and stopped Prussian aggression
Maria Theresa
a German noble family that ruled Brandenburg and Prussia
Hohenzollern
Elector of Brandenburg who rebuilt his domain after its destruction during the Thirty Years’ War (1620-1688)
Frederick William
German noble landlords
Junkers
King of Prussia (1740-1786). Successful in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), he brought Prussia great military prestige in Europe.
Frederick the Great
Followed death of Ivan IV without heir early in 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to re-establish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613.
Time of Troubles
Russian nobles
Boyars
Guards of the Moscow garrison
Streltsy
Became the ruler of Russia and known for westernizing the country in order to be successful. He made Russia come out of their isolation and created the first navy. He soon moved his capital to St. Petersburg, where he expanded the size of Russia.
Peter the Great
War with Sweden over control of Baltic, caused by Russia building St. Petersburg on Swedish soil. (Russia wins)
Great Northern War
Capitol city created by Peter the Great to resemble a French city. It was built on land taken from Sweden
St. Petersburg
Made a person’s social position and privileges more important than lineage
Table of Ranks
A body created by Peter to make decisions for the Church
Holy Synod
