Chapter 13

Question 1

language ideology

Answer 1

conceptualizations about languages, speakers, and discursive practices

Question 2

hypercorrection

Answer 2

a pronunciation, word form, or grammatical construction produced by mistaken analogy with standard usage out of a desire to be correct

Question 3

linguistic insecurity

Answer 3

the degree to which speakers believe their own variety is not standard

Question 4

diglossia

Answer 4

distinctly different varieties acting as social registers. For example, in Javanese, the word “you” has two words: pandjenegan for High variety (used in formal situations) and sampejan for low variety (among friends)

Question 5

dialect

Answer 5

a form of a language that is specific to a group of people or a region

Question 6

register

Answer 6

a speech variety appropriate to a particular speech situation, like the language used by a group of people who share similar work or interests

Question 7

standard

Answer 7

the speech variation that is regarded as correct because taught in school, used in formal writing, and often heard from newscaster and other media figures who wish to project authority

Question 8

slang

Answer 8

nonstandard varieties of speech

Question 9

isogloss

Answer 9

a line that can be drawn on a map to separate geographical areas where one linguistic feature is preferred over another