Chapter 13

Question 1

condensing X chromosomes into Barr bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate for the double genetic dose

Answer 1

X inactivation

Question 2

otherwise diploid genotype in which one entire chromosome duplicates

Answer 2

Trisomy

Question 3

process by which one chromosome segment dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome

Answer 3

translocation

Question 4

average number of crossovers between two alleles; observed as the number of nonparental types in a progeny’s population

Answer 4

recombination frequency

Question 5

individual with an incorrect number of chromosome sets

Answer 5

polyploid

Question 6

inversion that involves the centromere

Answer 6

pericentric

Question 7

progeny that exhibits the same allelic combination as its parents

Answer 7

parental types

Question 8

inversion that occurs outside the centromere

Answer 8

paracentric

Question 9

progeny resulting from homologous recombination that exhibits a different allele combination compared with its parents

Answer 9

nonparental (recombinant) type

Question 10

failure of synapsed homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the meiosis’ first cell division

Answer 10

nondisjunction

Question 11

otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing

Answer 11

monosomy

Question 11

otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing

Answer 11

monosomy

Question 12

an individual’s chromosome number and appearance; includes the size, banding patterns, and centromere position

Answer 12

karyotype

Question 13

a karyotype’s photographic image

Answer 13

karyogram

Question 14

process by which homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal physical exchanges at their arms, also crossing over

Answer 14

homologous recombination

Question 15

individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species

Answer 15

euploid

Question 16

detachment, 180° rotation, and chromosome arm reinsertion

Answer 16

chromosome inversion

Question 17

theory proposing that chromosomes are the genes’ vehicles and that their behavior during meiosis is the physical basis of the inheritance patterns that Mendel observed

Answer 17

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Question 18

(also, map unit) relative distance that corresponds to a 0,01 recombination frequency

Answer 18

centimorgan (cM)

Question 19

any of the non-sex chromosomes

Answer 19

Autosome

Question 20

individual with an error in chromosome number; includes chromosome segment deletions and duplications

Answer 20

Aneuploid