Chapter 13 Flashcards
condensing X chromosomes into Barr bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate for the double genetic dose
X inactivation
otherwise diploid genotype in which one entire chromosome duplicates
Trisomy
process by which one chromosome segment dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome
translocation
average number of crossovers between two alleles; observed as the number of nonparental types in a progeny’s population
recombination frequency
individual with an incorrect number of chromosome sets
polyploid
inversion that involves the centromere
pericentric
progeny that exhibits the same allelic combination as its parents
parental types
inversion that occurs outside the centromere
paracentric
progeny resulting from homologous recombination that exhibits a different allele combination compared with its parents
nonparental (recombinant) type
failure of synapsed homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the meiosis’ first cell division
nondisjunction
otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing
monosomy
otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing
monosomy
an individual’s chromosome number and appearance; includes the size, banding patterns, and centromere position
karyotype
a karyotype’s photographic image
karyogram
process by which homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal physical exchanges at their arms, also crossing over
homologous recombination
individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species
euploid
detachment, 180° rotation, and chromosome arm reinsertion
chromosome inversion
theory proposing that chromosomes are the genes’ vehicles and that their behavior during meiosis is the physical basis of the inheritance patterns that Mendel observed
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
(also, map unit) relative distance that corresponds to a 0,01 recombination frequency
centimorgan (cM)
any of the non-sex chromosomes
Autosome
individual with an error in chromosome number; includes chromosome segment deletions and duplications
Aneuploid
