Chapter 13 Flashcards
Define fiscal policy.
The discretionary changing of government expenditures or taxes to achieve national economic goals.
What are some goals that fiscal policy aims to achieve?
High employment, price stability, and economic growth.
What is the recessionary gap?
The amount by which the current level of real GDP falls short of the economy’s potential production if it were operating on the long-run aggregate supply curve.
What is the definition of the inflationary gap?
The inflationary gap was defined as the amount by which the short-run equilibrium level of real GDP exceeds the long-run equilibrium level as given by the long-run aggregate supply curve.
When the government decides to spend more (expansionary fiscal policy), the aggregate demand curve shifts to the ______.
Right.
When the government decides to reduce spending, the aggregate demand curve typically shifts to the _____.
Left
Holding all other things constant an increase in taxes will cause a ___ in aggregate demand, because ___________.
Decrease
It can reduce consumption, investment, net exports or a combination of all three.
How will a decrease in taxes affect the short-run aggregate supply curve?
If taxes are decreased the short-run aggregate supply curve tends to shift to the right.
If an increase in taxes is levied by the government, how will the short-run aggregate supply curve be affected?
The curve will tend to shift to the left.
Under what circumstances would the government have an incentive to increase taxes in order to create positive fiscal policy changes?
If the equilibrium point between the short-run aggregate supply and the aggregate demand is to the right of the long-run aggregate supply a recessionary gap exists period. Levying additional taxes could help bring the aggregate demand curve to the left.
Under what circumstance would the government have an incentive to decrease taxes?
When the equilibrium point between the aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply is to the left of the long-run aggregate supply curve. Decreasing taxes can help shift the aggregate demand curve to the right
True or False
An increase in government spending without raising taxes creates additional government borrowing from the private sector.
True
True or False
when the government finances increased spending by additional borrowing it will push interest rates up. This will induce firms to cut back on planned investment spending.
True
What is deficit spending?
A rise in government spending while holding taxes constant.
What is the effect of deficit spending?
It tends to crowd out private spending, dampening the positive effect of increased government spending on aggregate demand.