Chapter 13

Question 1

Distillation

Answer 1

Is the separation of 2 or more miscible volatile liquids based on their boiling points

Question 2

What is the first law of a distillation tower

Answer 2

At constant pressure composition sets the boiling points

Question 3

What is the hieght of the tower based on

Answer 3

Determined by the difference in boiling points of the key components being separated

Question 4

How is the diameter of the distillation tower set

Answer 4

The feed rate and composition

Question 5

What are the two things that impact the temperature of the distillation system

Answer 5

Composition and Pressure

Question 6

Downcomer

Answer 6

Is the area between trays through which internal reflux flows or downspouts that allow liquid to drop down to lower trays

Question 7

Gap

Answer 7

Is the distance between downcomer and next tray

Question 8

Weir

Answer 8

Holds the level on the tray

Question 9

Heavy ends

Answer 9

Are higher boiling point components

Question 10

Light ends are

Answer 10

Lower boiling point components

Question 11

Incipient flood

Answer 11

Foaming due to high vapor velocity up the column it fills between the trays and the column stripping section and is caused by firing reboiler to hard

Question 12

Liquid flood

Answer 12

Vessel fills due to poor material balance

Question 13

Sieve trays

Answer 13

Are metal plates with holes

Question 14

Valve trays

Answer 14

Most efficient tray type, expensive, good turndown

Question 15

Bubble cap trays

Answer 15

Efficient tray type, expensive, sturdy, heavy

Question 16

Bubble point

Answer 16

The Temperature of a liquid on the trays. Bubble point is when liquid forms the first bubble of vapor and begins to evaporate

Question 17

Froath

Answer 17

Normal bubbles above tray liquid

Question 18

Foam

Answer 18

Unwanted bubbles, hard to break, and can cause incipient flooding

Question 19

Reboiler

Answer 19

Vapor maker

Question 20

Tower driving force

Answer 20

Reboiler vapors

Question 21

Tower differential pressure

Answer 21

Bottom pressure minus the overhead pressure

Question 22

Overhead receiver

Answer 22

Reflux drum

Question 23

Binary distillation

Answer 23

Two component distillation

Question 24

Fractionator

Answer 24

Distillation column with mutiple products and components

Question 25

Reflux

Answer 25

Condensed overheard product that is pumped back into the top of the tower to increase product purity and temperature control

Question 26

Downcomer flooding

Answer 26

Occurs when liquid flow rate in the tower is so great that it flows back in downcomer and over flows upper trays

Question 27

Bottom products

Answer 27

Heavier components of the distillation process fall to the bottom of the tower and is removed as product

Question 28

Distillate

Answer 28

The condensate taken from the distillation tower

Question 29

Slump

Answer 29

When liquid drops to the bottom of the column

Question 30

Overloading

Answer 30

Operating a column at maximum conditions

Question 31

Flash zone

Answer 31

Where the feed enters

Question 32

Feed/ effluent exchanger

Answer 32

Where the heat is exchanged between feed and bottom flow

Question 33

Rectification section

Answer 33

Upper section where the higher concentration of molecules is located

Question 34

Stripping section

Answer 34

Below the feed line where the heavies are located

Question 35

Temperature gradient

Answer 35

Progressively decreasing temperatures from the bottom of the column to the top

Question 36

Weeping

Answer 36

When the vapor velocity is to low to prevent liquid from flowing through the holes in the tray instead across the tray