Chapter 12 Vocabulary

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

A response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

Question 2

James-Lange Theory

Answer 2

The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

Question 3

Canon-Bard Theory

Answer 3

The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

Question 4

Two-Factor Theory

Answer 4

The Schachter-singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.

Question 5

Polygraph

Answer 5

: A lie detector

Question 6

Facial Feedback Effect

Answer 6

The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.

Question 7

Catharsis

Answer 7

Emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Question 8

Feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 8

People’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.

Question 9

Subjective well-being

Answer 9

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

Question 10

Adaption-level phenomenon

Answer 10

Our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of light, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

Question 11

Relative Deprivation

Answer 11

The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.

Question 12

Health Psychology

Answer 12

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine.

Question 13

Stress

Answer 13

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

Question 14

General Adaptation Theory (GAS)

Answer 14

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases-alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Question 15

Tend and Befriend

Answer 15

under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Question 16

Psycho physiological Illness

Answer 16

Literally, “mind-body’ illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

Question 17

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 17

The study of how psychological neural and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.

Question 18

Lymphocytes

Answer 18

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.

Question 19

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 19

The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries.

Question 20

Type A

Answer 20

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.

Question 21

Type B

Answer 21

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people.

Question 22

Coping

Answer 22

Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods.

Question 23

Problem-focused Coping

Answer 23

Attempting to alleviate stress directly- by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

Question 24

Emotion-focused Coping

Answer 24

Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one’s stress reaction.

Question 25

Aerobic Exercise

Answer 25

Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety.

Question 26

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Answer 26

As yet unproven health care treatments intended to supplement (complement) or serve as alternatives to conventional medicine, and which typically are not widely taught in medical schools used in hospitals, or reimbursed by insurance companies. When research shows a therapy to be safe and effective, it usually then becomes part of accepted medical practice.