Chapter 12 Vocabulary Flashcards
genetic material received from parents
inheritance
likelihood (chance) an event might occur
probability
of ways a specific outcome can happen divided by # of total outcomes
What is the equation for probability?
cell division that produces gametes (reproductive cells)
meiosis (my-O-sis)
cells that contain pairs of chromosomes(one from each parent)
diploid(DIP-loid)
cells that contain only ONE chromosome from a matching pair(this occurs only in reproductive cells)
haploid(HAP-loid)
genetic planthe combination of alleles(the “type-o-genes” an organism has)
genotype(GENE-o-type)
the traits, or characteristics of an organism(the expression of genetic info)
phenotype(FEEN-o-type)
inheriting two differing forms of a particular gene(Example: Tt)
heterozygous(het-er-oh-ZY-gus)
inheriting two identical forms of a particular gene(Example: TT or tt)
homozygous(hom-oh-ZY-gus)
covers up or masks other forms of the gene
dominant trait
gets covered up by other (dominant) forms of the gene
recessive trait
an individual that has a recessive trait but does not show it
carrier
a tool that follows the occurence of a particular trait in a family
pedigree
traits that are controlled by genes on the X or Y chromosome
sex-linked traits
a specific form of a gene
allele
part of a chromosome from the mother can swap places with part of a chromosome from the father
crossing over
like chromosomes (and therefore the genes/alleles on those chromosomes) separate from one another during meiosis
principle of segregation
because chromosomes separate from one another during meiosis, the inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of another gene
principle of independent assortment
