Chapter 12 Vocabulary

Question 1

genetic material received from parents

Answer 1

inheritance

Question 2

likelihood (chance) an event might occur

Answer 2

probability

Question 3

of ways a specific outcome can happen divided by # of total outcomes

Answer 3

What is the equation for probability?

Question 4

cell division that produces gametes (reproductive cells)

Answer 4

meiosis (my-O-sis)

Question 5

cells that contain pairs of chromosomes(one from each parent)

Answer 5

diploid(DIP-loid)

Question 6

cells that contain only ONE chromosome from a matching pair(this occurs only in reproductive cells)

Answer 6

haploid(HAP-loid)

Question 7

genetic planthe combination of alleles(the “type-o-genes” an organism has)

Answer 7

genotype(GENE-o-type)

Question 8

the traits, or characteristics of an organism(the expression of genetic info)

Answer 8

phenotype(FEEN-o-type)

Question 9

inheriting two differing forms of a particular gene(Example: Tt)

Answer 9

heterozygous(het-er-oh-ZY-gus)

Question 10

inheriting two identical forms of a particular gene(Example: TT or tt)

Answer 10

homozygous(hom-oh-ZY-gus)

Question 11

covers up or masks other forms of the gene

Answer 11

dominant trait

Question 12

gets covered up by other (dominant) forms of the gene

Answer 12

recessive trait

Question 13

an individual that has a recessive trait but does not show it

Answer 13

carrier

Question 14

a tool that follows the occurence of a particular trait in a family

Answer 14

pedigree

Question 15

traits that are controlled by genes on the X or Y chromosome

Answer 15

sex-linked traits

Question 16

a specific form of a gene

Answer 16

allele

Question 17

part of a chromosome from the mother can swap places with part of a chromosome from the father

Answer 17

crossing over

Question 18

like chromosomes (and therefore the genes/alleles on those chromosomes) separate from one another during meiosis

Answer 18

principle of segregation

Question 19

because chromosomes separate from one another during meiosis, the inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of another gene

Answer 19

principle of independent assortment