Chapter 12 Vocabulary

Question 1

bias

Answer 1

an error that results in a misunderstanding, or misrepresentation of a population

Question 2

combination

Answer 2

a list of objects in which the order is not important

Question 3

compound event

Answer 3

made up of two or more simple events

Question 4

dependent events

Answer 4

the outcome of an event affects the outcome of another event

Question 5

experiment

Answer 5

when a sample is divided into a control group and an experimental group

Question 6

factorial

Answer 6

the product of an integer, and all the positive integers below it
( ex. factorial 4 = 24; 4 x 3 x 2 x1 )

Question 7

independent events

Answer 7

the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of another event

Question 8

mutually exclusive events

Answer 8

events that cannot occur or take place at the same time

Question 9

observational study

Answer 9

the parts of a sample are being measured or observed without being affected by the observations

Question 10

parameter

Answer 10

a measure that describes a characteristic of a population

Question 11

permutation

Answer 11

the process of changing the arrangement so that the order is important

Question 12

population

Answer 12

consists of all the members in a group of interest

Question 13

probability distribution

Answer 13

the probability of every possible value for a random variable

Question 14

random variable

Answer 14

a variable with a value that is the numerical outcome of an event

Question 15

sample

Answer 15

a subset that is occasionally used to represent a population

Question 16

simulation

Answer 16

a display or model of an experiment that would be difficult to perform

Question 17

standard deviation

Answer 17

shows how data departs, or separates itself from the mean

Question 18

statistic

Answer 18

a measure that describes a characteristic of a sample

Question 19

survey

Answer 19

data collected from a response given by a sample showing their characteristics, behaviors, or opinions

Question 20

variance

Answer 20

the square root of the standard deviation

Question 21

simple random sample

Answer 21

each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample

Question 22

systematic sample

Answer 22

members are selected according to an interval or certain system

Question 23

self-selected sample

Answer 23

members volunteer to be a part of the sample

Question 24

convenience sample

Answer 24

members that are readily available or easy to reach are selected

Question 25

stratified sample

Answer 25

the population is first divided into smaller, nonoverlapping groups, and then members are selected from each group

Question 26

statistical inference

Answer 26

the statistics of a sample are used to draw a conclusion about a population

Question 27

mean absolute deviation

Answer 27

used to predict errors and judge how well the mean represents the data

Question 28

distribution

Answer 28

shows the observed or possible frequency for each possible data value

Question 29

linear transformation

Answer 29

an operation performed on a data set that can be written as a linear function

Question 30

theoretical probability

Answer 30

the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of outcomes

Question 31

experimental probability

Answer 31

the ratio of the number of times an outcome occurs to the total number of events or trials

Question 32

relative frequency

Answer 32

same as experimental probability

Question 33

probability model

Answer 33

a mathematical model used to represent the theoretical probability of the outcomes in an experiment

Question 34

joint probability

Answer 34

the probability of compound events

Question 35

conditional probability

Answer 35

the probability that event B occurs given that event A has already occurred

Question 36

discrete random variable

Answer 36

a random variable with a countable number of possibilities

Question 37

probability graph

Answer 37

a bar graph that demonstrates a probability distribution

Question 38

expected value

Answer 38

the weighted average of the discrete random variable