Chapter 12 Vocab Review

Question 1

type of RNA that makes up the major part of a ribosome

Answer 1

RNA

Question 2

decoding of an RNA message into a polypeptide chain

Answer 2

Translation

Question 3

process by which a cell duplicates its DNA

Answer 3

Replication

Question 4

virus that infects bacteria

Answer 4

Bacteriophage

Question 5

process in which DNA is copied into RNA

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

nucleic acid made up of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base

Answer 6

Nucleotide

Question 7

enzyme that proofreads new DNA strands, ensures that each molecule is an exact copy

Answer 7

DNA Polymerase

Question 8

protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin

Answer 8

Histone Protein

Question 9

granular material visible within the nucleus, consists of DNA tightly coiled around protein

Answer 9

Chromatin

Question 10

type of RNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Answer 10

tRNA

Question 11

process in which one bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

Answer 11

Transduction

Question 12

enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA during transcription

Answer 12

RNA Polymerase

Question 13

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

Answer 13

Messenger RNA

Question 14

principle that bonds in DNA can only form between A & T and G & C

Answer 14

Base Pairing

Question 15

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Answer 15

Gene