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Biology Chapter 12 > Chapter 12 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Base Pairs

A
  • pair of complementary bases in a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule
  • consisting of a purine in one strand linked by hydrogen bonds to a pyrimidine in the other
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2
Q

Chargaff’s Rule

A

•DNA from any cell of all organisms will have a 1:1 ratio

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3
Q

Codon

A

•determine the amino acid that is to be added to the protein that the DNA is making

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4
Q

(DNA) Double Helix

A
  • twisted ladder shape of DNA

* formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other

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5
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A
  • self replicating material

* present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes

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6
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

•enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new DNA molecules

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7
Q

Gene

A
  • functional unit that controls inherited trait expression

* passed on from 1 generation to another

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8
Q

Genetic Code

A
  • nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA

* carries genetic information in living cells

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9
Q

Helicase

A

•enzyme responsible for unwinding and unzipping the double helix

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10
Q

Hox Gene

A
  • group of related genes

* controls the body plan of an embryo along the anterior posterior

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11
Q

Messenger RNA

A

•carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

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12
Q

Point Mutation

A

•mutation affecting only 1 or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence

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13
Q

Polymerase

A

•enzyme that brings about the formation of a particular polymer especially DNA or RNA

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14
Q

Polypeptide

A
  • linear organic polymer

* consisting of a large number of amino acid residues bonded together in a chain

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15
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

•guides protein synthesis

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16
Q

Traits

A
  • distinguishing quality or characteristic

* typically 1 belonging to a person

17
Q

Transcription

A

•process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA

18
Q

Transfer RNA

A

•transports amino acids to the ribosome

19
Q

Translation

A
  • process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome

* a protein is assembled

20
Q

Anticodon

A
  • sequence of 3 adjacent nucleotides
  • located on +RNA
  • connects to coding of nucleotides on mRNA (codon) during translation

Biology Chapter 12 (1 decks)

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