Chapter 12 Vocab

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

The entire group being studied (everyone)

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

A subset of the population

Question 3

Sampling Frame

Answer 3

List of individuals from which a sample is actually selected

Question 4

Sample Survey

Answer 4

A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in hope of learning something about the entire population

Question 5

Biased

Answer 5

Under-representative of the population

Question 6

Randomization

Answer 6

A technique for assigning experimental subjects to experimental and control groups randomly

Question 7

Census

Answer 7

A sample of the entire population

Question 8

Parameter

Answer 8

Numerical value given to a model for a population

Question 9

Statistic

Answer 9

A numerical value calculated from actual data from a sample

Question 10

Simple Random Sample (SRS)

Answer 10

A sample in which each set of elements in the population has an equal chance of selection

Question 11

Sampling Variability

Answer 11

The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ from one another

Question 12

Homogeneous Groups

Answer 12

Samples from different populations that are identical

Question 13

Heterogeneous Groups

Answer 13

Samples from different populations that are different

Question 14

Strata

Answer 14

A part of the population which is being sampled

Question 15

Stratified Random Sample

Answer 15

A sampling design in which the population is divided into several sub-populations, & random samples are then drawn from each stratum

Question 16

Cluster Sampling

Answer 16

Divide the population area into sections or clusters. Then randomly select some of those clusters. Now choose all members from the selected clusters.

Question 17

Multistage Sampling

Answer 17

A probability sampling technique involving at least 2 stages (ex. A random sample of clusters followed by a random sample of people within the selected clusters)

Question 18

Systematic Sampling

Answer 18

Select some starting point and then select every (#) element in the population

Question 19

Respondents

Answer 19

People who respond to a survey

Question 20

Voluntary Response Sample

Answer 20

A sample which involves only those who want to participate in the sampling

Question 21

Convenience Sampling

Answer 21

Choosing individuals that are easier to reach

Question 22

Under coverage Bias

Answer 22

Occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample

Question 23

Nonresponse Bias

Answer 23

Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fail to respond

Question 24

Response Bias

Answer 24

Anything in a survey design that influences responses

Question 25

Selection Bias

Answer 25

In an experiment, unintended differences between the participants in different groups