Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards
Population
The entire group being studied (everyone)
Sample
A subset of the population
Sampling Frame
List of individuals from which a sample is actually selected
Sample Survey
A study that asks questions of a sample drawn from some population in hope of learning something about the entire population
Biased
Under-representative of the population
Randomization
A technique for assigning experimental subjects to experimental and control groups randomly
Census
A sample of the entire population
Parameter
Numerical value given to a model for a population
Statistic
A numerical value calculated from actual data from a sample
Simple Random Sample (SRS)
A sample in which each set of elements in the population has an equal chance of selection
Sampling Variability
The natural tendency of randomly drawn samples to differ from one another
Homogeneous Groups
Samples from different populations that are identical
Heterogeneous Groups
Samples from different populations that are different
Strata
A part of the population which is being sampled
Stratified Random Sample
A sampling design in which the population is divided into several sub-populations, & random samples are then drawn from each stratum
Cluster Sampling
Divide the population area into sections or clusters. Then randomly select some of those clusters. Now choose all members from the selected clusters.
Multistage Sampling
A probability sampling technique involving at least 2 stages (ex. A random sample of clusters followed by a random sample of people within the selected clusters)
Systematic Sampling
Select some starting point and then select every (#) element in the population
Respondents
People who respond to a survey
Voluntary Response Sample
A sample which involves only those who want to participate in the sampling
Convenience Sampling
Choosing individuals that are easier to reach
Under coverage Bias
Occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample
Nonresponse Bias
Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fail to respond
Response Bias
Anything in a survey design that influences responses
Selection Bias
In an experiment, unintended differences between the participants in different groups
