Chapter 12 The Worlds of the 15th Century Flashcards
What role did Central Asian and West African pastoralists play in their respective regions?
After the fall of the Mongol Empire, Timur tried to revive it in the late 14th century and early 15th century, but it only brought devastation to Russia, Persia and India because after his death the pastoral people in central Asia were swallowed up by the expanding Russian and Chinese empires
Time frames of the Chinese Dynasties
Shang Dynasty 1600-1050 BC Zhou Dynasty 1046-256 BC Qin Dynasty 221-206 BC *Han Dynasty 206 BC-220 AC* Sui Dynasty 581-618 AC *Tang Dynasty 618-906 AC* *Song Dynasty 960-1279 AC* Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368 AC *Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 AC* Qing Dynasty 1644-1912 AC
Ming Dynasty political control examples
After the fall of the Mongol Empire, the Ming Dynasty discouraged the use of Mongol names and dresses while promoting Confusion learning and orthodox gender roles
Compare the purposes, sizes, discoveries, and effects of Zheng He’s expedition with those from Europe in the fifteenth century
the purpose of the Zheng He’s expeditions were to establish power in the Indian Ocean and exert Chinese control over foreign trade, while the Europeans wanted conquer new territories and spread their culture. Zheng He’s expedition size was far bigger than Columbus, while the Chinese had over 300 ships with 27,000 people on board, the Europeans had a little over 80 people and 3 ships. Chinese technology was far more advanced than the Europeans. The Chinese voyages were abruptly stopped after the death of the Emperor, while Europeans continued theirs until the world’s Ocean was under their control.
Important feature of the Renaissance
it was funded by wealthy elites
Europeans’ motivations for exploring outside of their “world”
Europeans were seeking:
- wealth
- Christian allies/ converts (to help against the Muslims)
- control
Why did the Chinese stop their voyages and the Europeans continued
- European Elite were being benefited with the overseas expansion
- Chinese Elite didnt want to continue the voyages after the death of the Emperor (they believe China was self-sufficient)
Ottoman Empire’s importance
the empire represent the emergence of the turks as the dominant people of the Islamic World. the ottoman empire had huge territories, long duration, economic and cultural sophistication
Songhay Empire
rose in the middle of 15th century, and operated at a crucial intersection of the trans-Saharan trade routes and that derived much of their revenue from taxing that commerce
Mughal Empire’s importance
the empire governed a largely non-Muslim population . The Mughals invaded India in 1526. They tried to blend Hindu groups and Muslims
Four Muslim empires that brought to the Islamic world a greater measure of political coherence, military power, economic prosperity, and cultural brilliance
Ottoman, Songhay, Mughal and Safavid
Aztecs
The Aztecs had a population estimated at 5 to 6 million people. The empire was unstable and loosely structured . They had the pochteca which were rich commoners that were professional merchants. Human sacrifice (slaves) was a part of their culture as well.
