Chapter 12 Social Psychology Flashcards
Those groups to which particular people belong
Ingroups
Groups that those to which they do not belong
Outgroups
Two conditions appear to be critical for group formation
Reciprocity and Transitivity
The word means if you scratch my back, I will scratch yours
Reciprocity
The word means that people generally share their friend’s opinions of other people.
Transitivity
The tendency to view outgroup members as less varied than ingroup members.
Outgroup homogeneity effect
The idea that ingroups consist of individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category and experience pride through their group membership.
Social identity Theory
People are more likely to distribute resources to ingroup members than to outgroup members.
Ingroup favoritism
the middle region of the prefrontal cortex, is important for thinking about other people, thinking about them generally or specifically, wether they are in igroups or outgroups.
Medial prefrontal Cortex
The medial cortex is less active when people consider members of outgrups, at least members of extreme outgroups such as homeless persons or drug addicts. One explination for this redction in activity is that people_______ some outgroups
dehumanize
The idea that the presence of others generally enhances performance.
social facilitation
A state of reduced individuality, reduced self awareness and reduced attention to personal standards; this phenomenon may occur when people are part of a group.
deindividuation
The process by which inital attitudes of groups become more extreme overtime.
Group Polarization
The tendency of a group to make a bad decision as a result of preserving the group and maintaining its cohesiveness; especailly likely when the group is under intense pressure, is facing external threats and is biased in aparticular direction.
Grouplink
The tendency for people to work less hard in a group than when working alone.
Social loafing
The altering of one’s behaviors and opinions to match those of other people or to match other people’s expectations.
Conformity
the tendency for people to conform in order to fin in with the group
Normative influence
The tendency for people to conform when they assume that the behavior of other respresents the correct way to respond.
informational influence
Expected standards of conduct, which influence behavior.
Social Norms
If you agree to a small request you are more likely to comply with a larger request.
Foot in the Door
If you refuse a large request, you are more likely to comply with a smaller request.
Door in the Face
When you agree to buy a product for a certain price, you are likely to comply with a request to pay more for the product. (Buying a Car)
Low-balling
